Antihyperglycemic effect of carvacrol in combination with rosiglitazone in high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice

Abstract

Thiazolidinediones constitute a family of antidiabetic drugs, and rosiglitasone (RSG) has an extensive usage in treating the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Carvacrol (CVL), a monoterpenic phenol that occurs in many essential oils of the family Labiatae including Origanum, Satureja, Thymbra, Thymus, and Corydothymus species, possess a wide variety of pharmacological properties including antioxidant potential. We hypothesized that carvacrol in combination with RSG would prove beneficial to ameliorate the dysregulated carbohydrate metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetic C57BL/6J mice. Mice were divided into six groups and fed HFD, for 10 weeks. CVL (20 mg/kg BW) and RSG (4 mg/kg BW) were administered post-orally, daily for 35 days. HFD mice showed an elevation in plasma glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin and a decrease in hemoglobin. The activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase increased whereas glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities decreased in the liver of HFD mice. The activities of hepatic marker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase increased in HFD mice. Combination of CVL and RSG prevented the above changes toward normalcy. Histopathological analysis of H&E stained pancreas was also in agreement with the biochemical findings. These major findings provide evidence that combination of CVL with RSG has better antidiabetic properties.

Biological activities of salvianolic acid B fromSalvia miltiorrhizaon type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin

“…In the present study, the FBG level of diabetic rats was significantly decreased at 4th and 6th week after SalB treatment (100 and 200 mg/kg), providing direct evidence of the antihyperglycemic effect of SalB. Moreover, the insulin level was decreased and ISI level was increased in diabetic rats after SalB treatment similar to positive drug (rosiglitazone), which has been proved to exert its antidiabetic effects through improving insulin sensitivity (Ezhumalai et al, 2014). Therefore, from these results of the present study, it seems likely that an increase in sensitivity to insulin contributes to the antidiabetic effects of SalB.…”

Carvacrol modulates oxidative stress and decreases cell injury in pancreas of rats with acute pancreatitis

“…CAR has long been used medicinally, proving to be beneficial in treatment of circulatory problems and improved the pancreatic blood flow during AP (Karkabounas et al 2006;Esmaeili 2013). In diabetic animals, the lesions of the pancreas and liver are decreased after CAR exposure (Akkol et al 2009;Ezhumalai et al 2014). And CAR is shown to be the effective antioxidant in protecting the D-galactosamine-induced lipid peroxidation of the erythrocytes, liver and kidney membranes (Aristatile et al 2009).…”

Teucrium polium extracts stimulate GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane in L6 muscle cells

“…In the HTP, cisvaccenic acid (20%), butyl (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (12.2%), and Palmitic acid (7.2%) are the main components ( Figure 2C). Some of the detected compounds were reported to possess antidiabetic activity, namely, thymol (Saravanan and Pari, 2015), carvacrol (Ezhumalai et al, 2014), eugenol (Jeong et al, 2014), and cis-vaccenic acid (Alstrup et al, 2004).…”