Carvacrol modulates oxidative stress and decreases cell injury in pancreas of rats with acute pancreatitis

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered as major problem around the world and the incidence of AP is increasing. Carvacrol (CAR), a monoterpenic phenol, has good antioxidant activity. This in vivo study was designed to evaluate whether CAR provide protection against AP that developed by pancreas injury. The rats were randomised into groups to receive (I) no therapy; (II) 50 lg/kg cerulein at 1 h intervals by four intraperitonally (i.p.) injections; (III) 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg CAR by one i.p. injection; and (IV) cerulein plus CAR after 2 h of cerulein administration. 12 h later, serum samples were obtained to assess pancreatic function, the lipase and amylase values. The oxidative stress markers were evaluated by changes in the amount of lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and changes in main tissue antioxidant enzyme levels including SOD, CAT and GSH-PX. Histopathological examination was performed using scoring systems. Additionally, oxidative DNA damage was determined by measuring the increases of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) formations. We found that the increasing doses of CAR decreased AP-induced MDA and 8-OH-dG levels. Moreover, the pancreas antioxidant enzyme activities were higher than that of the rats in the AP group when compared to the AP plus CAR group. In the treatment groups, the lipase and amylase were reduced. Besides, histopathological findings in the pancreatic tissue were alleviated (p \ 0.05). We suggest that CAR could be a safe and potent new drug candidate for treating AP through its antioxidative mechanism of action for the treatment of a wide range of disorders related to pancreas.

The therapeutic effect of nano-encapsulated and nano-emulsion forms of carvacrol on experimental liver fibrosis

“…Attenuation of oxidative stress parameters (MDA and NO) and elevation of the anti-oxidant parameter GSH by either nano-emulsion or nano-encapsulated carvacrol support the hypothesis that these 2 forms of carvacrol nanoparticles could potentially ameliorate liver injury through its antioxidant properties [51]. It has been previously reported that carvacrol could effectively scavenge superoxide radicals and H 2 O 2 and therefore increase antioxidant enzymes and decrease the free radical mediated inactivation of enzyme proteins and thus maintain the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzyme and improve GSH level [8].…”

“…Several in vivo and in vitro studies illustrated the various bioactivity and toxicological properties of carvacrol nutrient including its antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antioxidant, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Moreover, carvacrol has also been reported to have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and chemopreventive properteis [8,9]. Carvacrol is highly lipophilic with low solubility in water [10], high volatile, and with strong odor of essential oil.…”

Maresin-1 Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Promotes Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis

“…Oxidative stress is one of the factors implicated in the progression of AP [17]. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of lipid peroxidation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause pancreatic damage during AP [18]. Protein carbonyls are produced following catalytic oxidation of metal ions [19].…”

Efficient drug and gene delivery to liver fibrosis: rationale, recent advances, and perspectives

“…Using nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS) may be an effective solution for solving these drawbacks. For example, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and chemopreventive properties of carvacrol have been shown in vivo and in vitro 45 , 46 . Carvacrol is highly volatile and lipophilic with low water solubility and a strong odor of essential oils; therefore, its application in the food industry is difficult.…”