Antigens of early developmental stages of the chick

Schechtman, A. M.

doi:10.1002/jez.1401050305

Cited by 42 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In view of the paper by Brambell & Mills (86) one is tempted to suggest the possibility of arthrocytosis of maternal plasma and transfer of plasma proteins to the embryo. A similar transfer is postulated for the chick (93).…”

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confidence: 56%

“…Serological studies.-Besides the above-mentioned papers involving serological methods (93,94), two others have appeared (99,100). Cooper (99) has continued work on the identity of anti gens in earliest developmental stages of the frog and in the adult.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Embryonic blood constituents.-Although the extent to which the early embryo's plasma may be of maternal origin remains obscure (93,94), the passive transfer of proteins after birth seems quite certain (88 to 92). Charlwood & Thomson (88) find beta-and gamma-globulin hardly discerni b le electrophoretically in lamb sera before the ingestion of colostrum.…”

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Developmental Physiology

Schechtman¹

1949

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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The present review is concerned mainly with change-the physi ology of embryonic differentiation-rather than with functions more obviously of an operational nature. The writer is conscious of the difficulties involved in the assumption that embryonic func tions can, -in the first place, be segregated into categories of differ entiation versus operation. However space limitations have com pelled selection, and such topics as mechanics of heart action, trans port of gases, fetal muscular activity, and function of the nervous system have been left for future reviews. Fertilization.-Following up his earlier work on the cytolytic action of lecithinase, Ohman (1) has obtained data which indicate a decrease in the phosphatide content of the surface of the sea urchin egg as a result of fertilization. A decrease in susceptibility to cytolysis occurs shortly after fertilization, followed by a second period of increased susceptibility, and again a third period of de creased susceptibility, this last period coinciding with the time when the egg is preparing for cleavage' . One may only speculate on the possible relation between these findings and the shift in alkaline phosphatase as shown by the Comori method (2). In young oocytes of the sea urchin alkaline phosphatase is concen trated in the nucleolus and nuclear membrane, whereas in the mature egg it occurs in granules of the cortex and after fertilization is quite evenly distributed through the cytoplasm. Monroy & Montalenti (3) have related birefringence or its ab sence in the cortex of the sea urchin egg to the type of cellular shrinkage produced by hypertonic sea water. Uniform shrinkage (spherical plasmolysis) corresponds with the period of cortical birefringence, whereas irregular shrinkage (angular plasmolysis) corresponds with lack of birefringence. The interpretation is that radially oriented micelles characterize the cortex of the unfertilized egg, whereas a disorderly pattern occurs after fertilization. Mon roy (4) suggests that the cortex contains a lipid-protein -complex with the lipids arranged radially. Brooks (5), from a study of the activation of eggs by various redox dyes, finds marked agreement 1 Annu. Rev. Physiol. 1949.11:1-20. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of California -Davis on 02/04/15. For personal use only. Quick links to online content Further ANNUAL REVIEWS 2 SCHECHTMANbetween the rH values of the most effective dyes and of homologous sperm. This supports the suggestion previously made by the au thor that activation depends upon the establishment of appro priate redox potential. Cheney (14), from studies on caffeine inhi bition of oxygen upt�ke in Arbacia, finds that fertilization is inde pendent of a respiratory mechanism required shortly afterward. Barron et al. (132) have shown a similar difference in respiratory mechanism by the use of nitrogen mustards. The "myosin-like" protein obtained by Mirsky (134) from sea urchin eggs was found by Connors & Scheer (6) to be completely lacking in adenosinetriphosph...

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Developmental Physiology

Schechtman¹

1949

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

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“…For some time in both mammalian (Brambell, 1958) and avian (Schechtman, 1956) species immunological methods have been used to demonstrate the passage of foreign proteins or yolk proteins into the developing embryo. Thus, proteins of yolk have been detected in the embryo proper, area opaca, and area pellucida of the 15 to 17 somite chick embryo (Schechtman, 1947). Antibodies to bacteria pass from the hen to the egg and can be detected in the serum of the newly hatched chick (Buxton, 1952).…”

Section: Quantitative Analysis Of Protein Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein nutrition in growth regulation during early development

Klein¹

1973

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“…The earlier experiments designed to detect antigens in the embryo which were capable of cross-reacting with antisera to preparations of the adult organismmany of which yielded entirely negative results-have been reviewed by Needham (1942), Loeb (1945), Cooper (1946), andSchechtman (1947). More recently, Burke et al (1944) and Cooper (1948) found evidence in the chick and frog embryo respectively for the presence of such antigens in the embryo although earlier experiments on the same material had proved negative.…”

Section: Tests In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Antigens in the Developing Newt Embryo

Clayton¹

1953

Development

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The mechanism of differentiation presents one of the central problems of embryology, and it seems reasonable to assume that the development of tissue and organ specificities, in a chemical sense, mirrors differentiation as recognized by the classical methods of embryonic grafting and histological analysis. It is now well established that it is possible, by means of immunological techniques, to demonstrate certain specificities among the organs of adult animals, that is, that organ-specific antigens exist. Conversely, cross-reactions between a number of organ extracts and the antiserum to one organ indicate identity or similarity of some of their antigens (for bibliography see Landsteiner, 1945). The ontogeny of organ antigenic specificity is therefore of interest to the embryologist.

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Antigens of early developmental stages of the chick

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Developmental Physiology

Developmental Physiology

Protein nutrition in growth regulation during early development

Distribution of Antigens in the Developing Newt Embryo

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