Antigens for the immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection: An update

Carmena, David; Benito, Aitziber; Eraso, Elena

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.02.002

Cited by 145 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…However, the performances of immunoassays are heterogeneous and influenced by many clinical and technique-related variables, which need to be taken into account by the clinician when interpreting serology results of individual patients. 9,10 Unfortunately, the majority of studies evaluating serology test performance have used the presence or absence of infection only and have not taken into account other clinical variables. The stage of the cyst is the variable most often investigated in correlation with serology results, with a consensus finding that patients with CE1 and CE4-CE5 (hepatic) cysts are seronegative in a high percentage of cases (30-58% and 50-87%, respectively), while rates of negativity are lower in the presence of CE2 and CE3 cysts (5-20%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performances of immunoassays are heterogeneous and influenced by the antigen and technique used and by many clinical variables. 9,10 Unfortunately, these data are often not taken into account when test performances are assessed and, in the clinical setting, when serology results are interpreted. Knowledge of serology behavior and influencing variables is crucial for clinicians to evaluate serology results in the context of each patient's condition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing the Serological Response in Hepatic Echinococcus granulosus Infection

Lissandrin¹,

Tamarozzi²,

Piccoli³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Knowledge of variables influencing serology is crucial to evaluate serology results for the diagnosis and clinical management of cystic echinococcosis (CE). We analyzed retrospectively a cohort of patients with hepatic CE followed in our clinic in 2000-2012 to evaluate the influence of several variables on the results of commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect hemagglutination (IHA) tests. Sera from 171 patients with ≥ 1 hepatic CE cyst, and 90 patients with nonparasitic cysts were analyzed. CE cysts were staged according to the WHO-IWGE classification and grouped by activity. A significant difference in ELISA optical density (OD) values and percentage of positivity was found among CE activity groups and with controls (P < 0.001). The serological response was also influenced by age (P < 0.001) and cyst number (P = 0.003). OD values and cyst size were positively correlated in active cysts (P = 0.001). IHA test showed comparable results. When we analyzed the results of 151 patients followed over time, we found that serology results were significantly influenced by cyst activity, size, number, and treatment ≤ 12 months before serum collection. In conclusion, serological responses as assessed by commercial tests depend on CE cyst activity, size and number, and time from treatment. Clinical studies and clinicians in their practice should take this into account.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Serological Response in Hepatic Echinococcus granulosus Infection

Lissandrin¹,

Tamarozzi²,

Piccoli³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In Egypt, G6 involvement has been shown by a number of studies [13,16,17] . Hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) is antigenically rich, consisting of a complex mixture of glycol-and lipoproteins, carbohydrates and salts, and is therefore considered the main antigenic source for immunodiagnosis of human CE [18] .On the other hand, in the chronic phase of CE, there is frequent occurrence of elevated antibody levels, particularly IgG, IgM, and IgE with predominance of IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses [20] . However, the sensitivity of serological tests is affected by many factors including site, integrity of hydatid cysts and quality of antigen used [21] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic and genotypic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus larval isolates from Egypt

Tonsy

Fikry

Aminou

et al. 2018

Parasitologists United Journal

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Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is a global zoonotic infection of economic importance constituting a threat to public health in many countries. E. granulosus exists as a complex of different strains that have an impact on the epidemiology and control of CE, the most important of which are G1 and G6 strains. In Egypt, some studies confirm the predominance of G1 strain while others demonstrated the involvement of camel G6 strain in causing human infection. Objective: To study the diagnostic potential of purified antigenic yields of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) from Egyptian CE patients and DNA corresponding to different recorded genotypes, in addition to the characterization of E. granulosus genotype in human and animal isolates in Egypt. Subjects and Methods: Crude HCF antigens from 30 patients were extracted and fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and probed by enzyme immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) against sera from CE patients and 50 controls. HCF from human and animal isolates was obtained and prepared for DNA extraction and the amplification of the predominant genotype bands at 254 bp. Results: PCR applied to HCF protoscolices of human and camels showed a typical 254 bp band of 12S fragment of mitochondrial gene belonging to G6 genotype (camel strain). SDS-PAGE fractionation of crude HCF antigen gave a protein profile composed of 11 bands. Immunoblotting assay showed that anti-E. granulosus IgG of patients' sera recognized 9 antigenic bands, varying in molecular weight from 12-110 kDa. The 48 and 12 kDa bands detected in all patients' sera disappeared after treatment. Conclusion: This study confirmed the predominance of G6 genotype (camel strain) of cystic echinococcosis in Egypt. PCR using the amplification primers of G6 genotype is a promising tool in the diagnosis of CE using either patients' HCF or sera. The use of EITB in the diagnosis and post-treatment follow up of G6 genotype CE patients proved of high sensitivity and specificity. The recognition of 48 and 12 kDa antigenic proteins in 100% of CE cases' sera and their disappearance after treatment marks their usefulness in diagnosis and follow up of CE cases.

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“…6,7 Furthermore, the characteristics of the patient serums and the quality of the collected parasitic antigens can be effective on the efficiency of immunodiagnostic test that is used in human CE. 8 However, such procedures induce a considerable number of cross-reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Cross-Reactivity Between Recombinant EPC1 Antigen of Echinococcus granulosus in Serum from Patients with Confirmed Cystic Echinococcosis Infection and Other Parasitic Infections

Fathi¹,

Jalousian²,

Hosseini³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. A standardized test for the serodiagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains an important challenge because of the problems in specificity and sensitivity of the available commercial kits and lack of proper evaluation of antigen. Using appropriate sources of antigenic material is crucial in improvement of the serological methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of protein named Echinococcus protoscolex calcium binding protein EPC1 for the detection of antibodies in sera from patients with CE. Expressed and purified recombinant protein EPC1 (rEPC1) was used as antigen in ELISA method. Characterization of the rEPC1 antigen was evaluated using the serum of 25 patients with both surgical and imaging confirmed CE and 25 healthy donors as negative controls. Also, a panel of sera including chronic toxoplasmosis (IgG positive), strongyloidosis, fascioliasis, toxocariasis, and kala azar were used and patients with related parasites were confirmed by medical laboratories or clinically by research centers using microscopy or specific ELISA. rEPC1 showed relatively promising performance in total IgG ELISA for the detection of antibodies in sera from the negative controls, and the cut off value 0.4 units of optical density at 490 nm was calculated for ELISA. In this study, sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.7, positive predictive value of 92.6%, and negative predictive value of 100% were calculated for rEPC1. On the other hand, commercial ELISA kit based on the native antigen B of Echinococcus granulosus had sensitivity of 96.2% and specificity of 96.8%. No significant difference was found for sensitivity or specificity between the rEPC1 and commercial kit. However, rEPC1 may be a valuable antigen for diagnosis of human CE.

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Antigens for the immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection: An update

Cited by 145 publications

References 95 publications

Factors Influencing the Serological Response in Hepatic Echinococcus granulosus Infection

Factors Influencing the Serological Response in Hepatic Echinococcus granulosus Infection

Antigenic and genotypic characterization of Echinococcus granulosus larval isolates from Egypt

A Study of Cross-Reactivity Between Recombinant EPC1 Antigen of Echinococcus granulosus in Serum from Patients with Confirmed Cystic Echinococcosis Infection and Other Parasitic Infections

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