Antigenic Variation among Strains of Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus *

Karabatsos, Nick; Bourke, Angela; Henderson, J. R.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1963.12.408

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Antigenically it is closely related to WEE virus and for many years was considered to be a variant of WEE virus (8,11 (14). Affected chukar partridges exhibited somnolence and recumbency before death; encephalitis and myocardial necrosis were the principal lesions detected in affected birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental Infection of Young Turkeys with Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Highlands J Virus

Guy¹,

Ficken²,

Hj³

et al. 1993

Avian Diseases

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Depression, somnolence, and increased mortality were observed in 2-week-old turkeys inoculated intramuscularly with either eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus or Highlands J (HJ) virus. Mortality rates in EEE virus- and HJ virus-inoculated turkeys were 7/30 (23%) and 9/30 (27%), respectively; no sham-inoculated controls died. Both EEE virus- and HJ virus-inoculated turkeys developed viremia that lasted 2 days; peak mean titers were 5.5 and 3.2 log10 plaque-forming units per ml of blood, respectively. Pathologic changes in both EEE virus- and HJ virus-inoculated turkeys consisted primarily of multifocal necrosis in the heart, kidney, and pancreas, and lymphoid necrosis and depletion in the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius. The findings indicate that EEE virus and HJ virus are pathogenic for young turkeys.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental Infection of Young Turkeys with Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Highlands J Virus

Guy¹,

Ficken²,

Hj³

et al. 1993

Avian Diseases

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“…By PRNT, Karabatsos (1975) established that the WEE complex contains WEE, Sindbis, Aura, Whataroa, Y62-33, an isolate of WEE virus from Russia, and HJ virus. Karabatsos et al (1963) suggested that HJ and other WEE-related alphavirus isolates from the eastern United States were antigenic variants of classical WEE virus. The biochemical and immunological data presented in this study indicate that HJ virus from Florida is an isolate of the WEE-related viruses from the eastern United States.…”

Section: Discuss3onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These observations support epidemiological evidence indicating that WEE rarely occurs in the eastern United States; however, WEE-related viruses have been isolated along the Atlantic and Gulf seaboards from Massachusetts to Louisiana (for review, see Hayes & Wallis,I977). Based on these differences in serology, virulence and epidemiology, WEE-related alphaviruses from the eastern United States will be referred to as Highlands J (H J) virus strains after the isolate from Florida (Henderson et al t962) which has been best antigenically characterized (Karabatsos et al 1963;Karabatsos, I975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of New World Alphaviruses in the Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Complex by Immunochemical and Oligonucleotide Fingerprint Techniques

Trent¹,

Grant²

1980

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYWe have examined the molecular basis for the observed antigenic differences between isolates of western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus and those of a serologically related aIphavirus from the eastern United States designated Highlands J (HJ). The structural proteins of WEE virus isolates have tool. wt. of 55 × IO3 (El), 47 × ~o 3 (E~) and 33 × 1o3 for the nucleocapsid. The E1 glycoprotein had an isoelectric point (pI) of 6"4 and induced haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody which was specific for WEE virus. The E 2 glycoprotein of WEE virus had a pI of 8"4 and induced antibody which was virus specific by neutralization (PRNT) but cross-reacted with HJ virus in the radioimmune precipitation (RIP) test. Envelope glycoproteins of HJ virus isolates had tool. wt. of 58 x io ~ (El) and 49 x ~o 3 (E2) respectively. The E 1 glycoprotein from HJ virus had a pI of 6.8 and induced antibody which reacted specifically in the HI, PRNT and RIP tests. Isolated E2 protein of HJ virus had a pI of 9"I and induced antibodies which were reactive at equal titre with both WEE and HJ viruses by RIP. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of RNase T~ oligonucleotides of WEE virus and HJ virus genome RNase T~ oligonucleotides revealed that the primary structures of the RNAs of these two serologically related alphaviruses were very distant. The fingerprints of the oligonucleotides from I6 WEE viruses from western and central North America, Mexico and South America were similar to each other and easily distinguished from those of the eight HJ viruses isolated in the eastern United States from Massachusetts to Louisiana.

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“…Antigenic variation in alphaviruses has been well documented (Casals, t961, 1964;Karabatsos et al, 1963;Henderson, 1968;Roehrig et al, 1982). Young & Johnson (1969) reported that Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus strains displayed antigenic variation that could be correlated with geographic origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Antigenic Variations among Geographical Isolates of Sindbis Virus

Olson

Trent

1985

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYThe genetic and antigenic variation in 12 Sindbis (SIN) virus isolates from four zoogeographic regions (Paleoarctic, Ethiopian, Oriental and Australian) has been examined at a molecular level. RNase T1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting of genomic RNA from SIN isolates revealed that the primary structure of the RNA from viruses from each zoogeographic region was unique. The E1 and E2 glycoproteins and the capsid protein of two isolates from each zoogeographic region were compared by tryptic peptide mapping with the Egyptian prototype strain AR-339. Tryptic peptide maps of viruses from Sicily and the Ethiopian region were similar to those of the prototype; maps of isolates from the Oriental and Australia regions were different from each other and from those of the prototype strain. Viruses from each of the four zoogeographic regions were analysed antigenically by neutralization with polyclonal serum to AR-339 and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-E2 monoclonal AR-339 antibody. Clear antigenic divergence of SIN isolates into two groups, representing the Paleoarctic-Ethiopian and Oriental-Australian regions were demonstrated. These results support a hypothesis which proposes that ancestral SIN virus diverged into two distinct groups. The genetic changes have resulted in further phenotypic divergence within the geographic varieties.

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Antigenic Variation among Strains of Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus *

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental Infection of Young Turkeys with Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Highlands J Virus

Experimental Infection of Young Turkeys with Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Highlands J Virus

A Comparison of New World Alphaviruses in the Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Complex by Immunochemical and Oligonucleotide Fingerprint Techniques

Genetic and Antigenic Variations among Geographical Isolates of Sindbis Virus

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