Experimental Infection of Young Turkeys with Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Highlands J Virus

Guy, James S.; Ficken,; Hj, Barnes; Dp, Wages; Lg, Smith

doi:10.2307/1591663

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…2). This HJV profile is similar to that observed in two week old chicks and turkeys [1], [21]. Peak viremia exceeded the threshold of infection for Culex pipiens complex mosquitoes [22]–[23], therefore identifying the house sparrow as a competent amplifying host for HJV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Mosquitoes Used to Draw Blood for Arbovirus Viremia Determinations in Small Vertebrates

et al. 2014

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Serial samples from the same individuals may be required for certain virological studies, however, some small animals cannot easily be blood-sampled. Therefore, we evaluated the use of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes albopictus Skuse mosquitoes as “biological syringes” to draw blood for virus titer determinations in small vertebrates. Groups of chicks (Gallus gallus), hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and house sparrows (Passer domesticus) were experimentally infected with West Nile virus (WNV) or Highlands J virus (HJV). In general, good correlation was seen between mosquito- and syringe-derived blood samples at titers ≥5.0 log10 pfu/mL serum as compared with titers <5.0 log10 pfu/mL serum for chicks, hamsters, and sparrows. Ninety-two percent (24/26) of sparrows with virus titers >105 pfu/mL serum had mosquito- and syringe-derived titers within one log of each other. Sparrow viremia profiles generated from single mosquito blood meals and syringe were not significantly different (p>0.05). This technique is valuable for assessing the roles of small vertebrates in the ecologies of arboviruses, and could be used in applications beyond virology and infectious diseases, when <10 µL of whole blood is required.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Mosquitoes Used to Draw Blood for Arbovirus Viremia Determinations in Small Vertebrates

et al. 2014

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“…Domestic turkeys also showed leg paralysis, lethargy, and ataxia when infected with WEEV, HJV, or EEEV Guy et al, 1993). To our knowledge, no studies exist that report symptoms of neurologic disease in alphavirus-infected, small passerines or altricial nestling birds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology and Virus Detection in Tissues of Nestling House Sparrows Naturally Infected With Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae)

O’Brien

Meteyer

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) infect wild birds, but clinical illness and death attributable to virus in naturally infected birds is rarely reported, particularly for small passerine species or nestlings. Buggy Creek virus is a unique alphavirus in the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) complex that is vectored by the cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius), an ectoparasite of the colonially nesting Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and the introduced House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). While sampling birds for Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) during the summers of 2007 and 2008, we discovered large numbers of clinically ill or dead House Sparrow nestlings. Ill nestlings exhibited ataxia, torticollis, paresis, and lethargy. Histologic examination revealed that encephalitis was the most common finding, followed by myositis, myocarditis, and hepatic changes, but pathology was highly variable. We isolated BCRV from brain tissue in most of the ill or dead nestlings, and from blood, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, feather pulp, and skin in some birds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of clinical illness, gross pathology, and histopathology for a WEEV-complex alphavirus in a field-collected passerine species.

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“…Indeed, the virus replicates in virtually all wild birds that have been infected experimentally. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Diverse species of birds appear to contribute to the natural transmission cycle of EEE virus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eastern equine encephalitis virus in birds: relative competence of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).

Komar

Dohm²,

Turell³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. To determine whether eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus infection in starlings may be more fulminant than in various native candidate reservoir birds, we compared their respective intensities and durations of viremia. Viremias are more intense and longer lasting in starlings than in robins and other birds. Starlings frequently die as their viremia begins to wane; other birds generally survive. Various Aedes as well as Culiseta melanura mosquitoes can acquire EEE viral infection from infected starlings under laboratory conditions. The reservoir competence of a bird is described as the product of infectiousness (proportion of feeding mosquitoes that become infected) and the duration of infectious viremia. Although starlings are not originally native where EEE is enzootic, a starling can infect about three times as many mosquitoes as can a robin.

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Experimental Infection of Young Turkeys with Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus and Highlands J Virus

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Mosquitoes Used to Draw Blood for Arbovirus Viremia Determinations in Small Vertebrates

Mosquitoes Used to Draw Blood for Arbovirus Viremia Determinations in Small Vertebrates

Pathology and Virus Detection in Tissues of Nestling House Sparrows Naturally Infected With Buggy Creek Virus (Togaviridae)

Eastern equine encephalitis virus in birds: relative competence of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).

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