Antigen-Specific Memory B-Cell Responses to Vibrio cholerae O1 Infection in Bangladesh

Abstract

Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, is a noninvasive dehydrating enteric disease with a high mortality rate if untreated. Infection with V. cholerae elicits long-term protection against subsequent disease in countries where the disease is endemic. Although the mechanism of this protective immunity is unknown, it has been hypothesized that a protective mucosal response to V. cholerae

Serum Anti-Vibrio cholerae Immunoglobulin Isotype in BALB/c Mice Immunized With ompW-Loaded Chitosan

“…However, one problem with ac-quired immunity against cholera is the lack of long-lasting immunity after vaccination, which is one of the most desirable criteria for a candidate vaccine. Natural infection with V. cholerae induces at least three years of protection, while immune responses induced by the cholera vaccines developed so far are usually short-lived (20,22).…”

Antigen-Specific Memory B-Cell Responses in Bangladeshi Adults after One- or Two-Dose Oral Killed Cholera Vaccination and Comparison with Responses in Patients with Naturally Acquired Cholera

“…We compared immune responses following WC-rBS vaccination to those occurring following natural cholera in 70 adult cholera patients (male, n ϭ 38; female, n ϭ 32) (8,16,37). Adult patients presenting with severe, acute watery diarrhea who had a positive stool culture for V. cholerae O1 and were without significant comorbid conditions were eligible for inclusion in the study.…”

“…We performed the ASC assay as previously described (8,25). Briefly, we coated nitrocellulose-bottom plates (MSHAN-4550; Millipore, Bedford, MA) with GM1 ganglioside (3 nmol/ ml), followed by recombinant CtxB (2.5 g/ml), or with LPS (25 g/ml), or with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH; Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL) (2.5 g/ml, as a negative control) or affinity-purified goat anti-human immunoglobulin to detect total immunoglobulin memory B cells (Jackson Immunology Research West Grove, PA) at 5 g/ml.…”

“…We performed memory B-cell assays using PBMC recovered on days 0, 30, 90, 180, 270, and 360, using a previously described method (5,6,8,12). For this assay, we placed 500,000 PBMC/well in 24-well cell culture plates (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) containing culture medium optimized to stimulate antigen-independent proliferation and differentiation of memory B cells into ASC.…”

“…We have recently shown that anti-V. cholerae memory B-cell responses occur following natural cholera (8,12) and that these responses may be important mediators of the duration of protection against subsequent cholera. Therefore, we were interested in whether oral cholera vaccination also induced anti-V. cholerae memory B-cell responses, whether these responses differed following one or two doses of vaccine, and whether the responses differed from those seen following natural disease.…”