Antigen‐extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone graft with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 enhances bone regeneration in repair of mandibular defect in rabbits

Abstract

The effects of a large-piece of xenogeneic bone that was separated from healthy pigs as a scaffold for the repair of a mandibular defect was investigated, and the applicability of antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancellous bone (AXCB) soaked with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in bone defect repair was assessed. Mandibular defects were created in 48 New Zealand rabbits, and the animals were randomly divided into four groups, in which the mandibular defects were grafted with AXCB, AXCB soaked with rhBMP-2, and autograft bone, or left blank. An equal number of animals from each group were classified into three time points (4, 8, and 12 weeks) after surgery for gross pathological observation, hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, radiographic examination, and bone density measurement. H and E staining revealed that the area percentage of bone regeneration in the group of the AXCB/rhBMP-2 graft was 27.72 ± 4.68, 53.90 ± 21.92, and 77.35 ± 9.83 at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks, respectively. These results were better than those of the autogenous bone graft, suggesting that the group of the AXCB/rhBMP-2 graft achieved a good osteogenic effect. With regard to the AXCB graft without rhBMP-2, the area percentage of bone regeneration was only 14.03 ± 5.02, 28.49 ± 11.35, and 53.90 ± 21.92. Therefore, the osteogenic effect of the AXCB/rhBMP-2 graft was demonstrated to have the best effect. In the group of the AXCB/rhBMP-2 graft, the area percentage of bone regeneration increased, and the implanted materials were gradually degraded and replaced by autogenous bone regeneration over time. We conclude that the AXCB graft soaked with rhBMP-2 showed good osteogenic effect in the repair of bone defects and good biocompatibility. AXCB serves as a good carrier of rhBMP-2, which promotes bone formation.

P53 and Parkin co-regulate mitophagy in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to promote the repair of early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

“…We removed cortical bone and cartilage from fresh porcine vertebrae (Laboratory Animal Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China) according to the procedures established by Li et al and Long et al [54][55][56] . Cancellous-bone blocks were shaped into cylinders 6 mm in diameter at the bottom and 20 mm high using a cutting and molding device.…”

Effect of SDF-1 with biphasic ceramic-like bone graft on the repair of rabbit radial defect

“…Bone graft substitute materials are used by orthopedic surgeons to promote bone formation and repair bone defects [1, 2]. Compared with autologous bone materials and allogeneic bone materials, xenogeneic bone-derived implants have advantages such as wide sources, easy tissue preparation, and economic properties [3]. However, there are also potential disease transmission and common defects such as graft immune rejection [4].…”

“…However, there are also potential disease transmission and common defects such as graft immune rejection [4]. Therefore, the xenograft bone should be treated with physical and chemical processing before use to minimize risks and to substantially decrease antigenicity [3, 5]. The ceramic-like xenogeneic bone formed by appropriate physical and chemical treatment and low-temperature calcination has a natural reticulated pore structure [6], and its main component is hydroxyapatite (HAP), while HAP is a slow-absorbing ceramic with poor biodegradability [7].…”

A Decellularized Porcine Xenograft-Derived Bone Scaffold for Clinical Use as a Bone Graft Substitute: A Critical Evaluation of Processing and Structure

“…Bovine bone has previously been transplanted into human patients, but orthopaedic clinical series showed poor results with frequent graft rejection and failure to integrate within host tissue [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Very few orthopaedic studies have considered bone graft substitutes derived from porcine xenograft sources [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are currently no commercially available porcine-derived bone graft products available for clinical use in orthopaedic surgery and there are no clinical reports of porcine bone grafting into human subjects in the orthopaedic literature.…”