Antifungal Combinations

Vitale, Roxana G.; Afeltra, Javier; Dannaoui, Éric

doi:10.1385/1-59259-943-5:143

Cited by 47 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…Assays were performed in flat-bottomed 96-well microtitration plates using the chequerboard method (Vitale et al 2005). C. krusei was used at a final concentration of 0.5-2.5 x 10 5 CFU/mL.…”

Section: Interaction Of Essential Oils and Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final concentrations of the itraconazole and amphotericin B ranged from 0.004 to 2 μg/ mL and the essential oil of C. ambrosioides L.from 0.488 to 31.25 μg/mL. The fractional inhibitory index (FICI) was calculated and the interpretation was determined as follow: ≤0.5 Synergistic effect; >0.5 but <4, no interaction; and ≥4 antagonistic effect (Vitale et al 2005).…”

Section: Interaction Of Essential Oils and Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus

Correa-Royero¹,

Tangarife²,

Durán³

et al. 2010

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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RESUMO: "Atividade antifúngica in vitro e os efeitos citotóxicos de óleos essenciais e extratos de plantas medicinais e aromáticas contra Candida krusei e Aspergillus fumigatus" As plantas são geralmente utilizadas na medicina tradicional como agentes antimicrobianos e seus óleos essenciais e extratos foram conhecidos por possuir atividade antifúngica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro a atividade de 32 óleos essenciais e 29 extratos contra Candida krusei e Aspergillus fumigatus, bem como o efeito citotóxico em células Vero. A curva do tempo-morte e a interação entre antifúngicos e Chenopodium ambrosioidese do extrato de Myrcia cucullata mostraram atividade antifúngica contra C. krusei (geometric means of the minimal inhibitory concentration [GM-MIC] 7,82 e 31,25 µg/ mL, respectivamente). Lippia citriodora foi ativa contra C. krusei e A. fumigatus (GM-CIM = 99,21 µg/mL e 62,5 µg/mL, respectivamente). Os testes de tempo-morte feitos com óleo de C. ambrosioides mostraram atividade fungicida em 4x MIC. A interação do óleo C. ambrosioides com itraconazol e anfotericina B foi testada pela técnica de xadrez. Nenhuma interação foi detectada pela combinação do óleo C. ambrosioides com anfotericina B e itraconazol (intervalo fractional inhibitory index [FICI] = 1,03-1,06 e 1,03-1,00, respectivamente). Os ensaios de citotoxicidade para todas as amostras foram realizadas com MTT. Apenas os óleos Hedyosmun sp. e L. dulcis foram citotóxicos.Unitermos: Candida krusei, Aspergillus fumigatus, óleos essenciais, extratos, curva do tempomorte, técnica de xadrez. ABSTRACT:The plants are usually used in traditional medicine as antimicrobial agents and their essential oils and extracts have been known to possess antifungal activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of 32 essential oils and 29 extracts in vitro against C. krusei and A. fumigatus as well as the cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Time-kill curve and interaction between antifungal and the most active sample against C. krusei, was also evaluated. The oils from C. ambrosioides and the extract of M. cucullata showed antifungal activity against C. krusei (GM-MIC 7.82 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively). L. citriodora was active against C. krusei and A. fumigates (GM-MIC = 99.21 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL respectively). Time-kill assays done with C. ambrosioides oil showed fungicidal activity at 4x MIC. The interaction of C. ambrosioides oil with itraconazole and amphotericin B was tested following the chequerboard technique. No interaction was detected for the combination of C. ambrosioides oil with amphotericin B and itraconazole (FICI range = 1.03-1.06 and 1.03-1.00, respectively). Cytotoxicity assays for all samples were carried out with MTT. Only the oil from Hedyosmun sp. and L. dulcis were cytotoxic.

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Section: Interaction Of Essential Oils and Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction Of Essential Oils and Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus

Correa-Royero¹,

Tangarife²,

Durán³

et al. 2010

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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“…Cell numbers of zoospores were counted on a hemocytometer; zoospores were diluted in RPMI 1640 containing L-glutamine and buffered to pH 7.0 with 0.165 M MOPS (morpholinepropanesulfonic acid) to obtain a final concentration range of 2 ϫ 10 3 to 3 ϫ 10 3 zoospores/ml (10). The combinations of TRB (Novartis) plus CAS (Merck), TRB plus MNZ (Labware), TRB plus ketoconazole (Janssen), and TRB plus FLC (Pfizer) were evaluated using the checkerboard technique, according to the broth microdilution design (2,14). In the individual tests, 100 l of each drug concentration was plated in microplate wells and an equal volume of the inoculum was added to each well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Activity of Terbinafine Combined with Caspofungin and Azoles against Pythium insidiosum

Cavalheiro

Maboni

Azevedo

et al. 2009

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In this text we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activities of terbinafine combined with caspofungin, miconazole, ketoconazole, and fluconazole against 17 Pythium insidiosum strains by using the microdilution checkerboard method. Synergistic interactions were observed with terbinafine combined with caspofungin (41.2% of the strains), fluconazole (41.2%), ketoconazole (29.4%), and miconazole (11.8%). No antagonistic effects were observed. The combination of terbinafine plus caspofungin or terbinafine plus fluconazole may have significant therapeutic potential for treatment of pythiosis.Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease in humans and animals that is caused by the aquatic oomycete Pythium insidiosum (9). Horses are the most frequently infected animals, and equine pythiosis typically involves ulcerative granulomas (8). In humans, the infection occurs as ophthalmic, subcutaneous, and systemic forms, which are frequently associated with ␣-and ␤-thalassemia (5, 7). Pythiosis therapy, which is based on amphotericin B or azoles, has been ineffective or controversial, and the associated prognosis for human and equine pythiosis is poor (5,7,8,9,12). Therefore, surgical procedures, including amputation, are often effective, but disease reoccurrence rates are unfortunately high (7).Combinations of antifungal agents against pythiosis have not been thoroughly studied, and therefore, such in vitro combinatory activities against P. insidiosum require attention (1, 6).The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro activity of terbinafine (TRB) combined with caspofungin (CAS), miconazole (MNZ), ketoconazole, and fluconazole (FLC) against 17 strains of Pythium insidiosum isolated from animals.A total of 15 Brazilian P. insidiosum strains isolated from equines with pythiosis and two standard strains (ATCC 58637 and CBS 101555) were tested. All strains were maintained in cornmeal agar, and strain identification was confirmed by a PCR-based assay (4).The susceptibility of the P. insidiosum strains to the antifungal agents was tested by microdilution, based on protocol M38-A2 (2). The inoculum consisted of P. insidiosum zoospores obtained following zoosporogenesis. Cell numbers of zoospores were counted on a hemocytometer; zoospores were diluted in RPMI 1640 containing L-glutamine and buffered to pH 7.0 with 0.165 M MOPS (morpholinepropanesulfonic acid) to obtain a final concentration range of 2 ϫ 10 3 to 3 ϫ 10 3 zoospores/ml (10). The combinations of TRB (Novartis) plus CAS (Merck), TRB plus MNZ (Labware), TRB plus ketoconazole (Janssen), and TRB plus FLC (Pfizer) were evaluated using the checkerboard technique, according to the broth microdilution design (2,14). In the individual tests, 100 l of each drug concentration was plated in microplate wells and an equal volume of the inoculum was added to each well. In the combination tests, the antifungals were plated at a 4ϫ concentrate of 50 l of drug A plus 50 l of drug B and 100 l of the inoculum, resulting in a final 1ϫ drug concentration of each compound....

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“…Treatment using combinations of different antifungal drugs has been suggested to address the development of resistance among pathogens, as well as to reduce side effects due to drug toxicity to the patient and to achieve antimicrobial synergy (68). Combination treatments are widely used for treating aspergillosis as well as other infections (69).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of Zinc Chelators Improves Survival of Mice Infected with Aspergillus fumigatus both in Monotherapy and in Combination with Caspofungin

Laskaris

Atrouni

Calera

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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f Aspergillus fumigatus can infect immunocompromised patients, leading to high mortality rates due to the lack of reliable treatment options. This pathogen requires uptake of zinc from host tissues in order to successfully grow and cause virulence. Reducing the availability of that micronutrient could help treat A. fumigatus infections. In this study, we examined the in vitro effects of seven chelators using a bioluminescent strain of A. fumigatus. 1,10-Phenanthroline and N,N,N=,N=-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl) ethane-1,2-diamine (TPEN) proved to be the chelators most effective at inhibiting fungal growth. Intraperitoneal administration of either phenanthroline or TPEN resulted in a significant improvement in survival and decrease of weight loss and fungal burden for immunosuppressed mice intranasally infected with A. fumigatus. In vitro both chelators had an indifferent effect when employed in combination with caspofungin. The use of TPEN in combination with caspofungin also significantly increased survival compared to that when using these drugs individually. Our results suggest that zinc chelation may be a valid strategy for dealing with A. fumigatus infections and that both phenanthroline and TPEN could potentially be used either independently or in combination with caspofungin, indicating that their use in combination with other antifungal treatments might also be applicable.A spergillus fumigatus is a widespread soil-dwelling fungal saprotroph (1). It is one of the most ubiquitous fungal species with airborne conidia, and it is estimated that all humans inhale several hundred conidia each day (2). These are completely innocuous to immunocompetent hosts. However, the conidia are able to develop and cause invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in immunocompromised individuals (3). This disease is difficult to treat, with a mortality rate of 45.6% (4). Commonly used drug treatment options include triazoles such as voriconazole, which inhibit ergosterol synthesis, amphotericin B, which binds to ergosterol and thus results in increased permeability of the cell membrane, and echinocandins such as caspofungin, which inhibit glucan synthesis (5).Both fungal and bacterial pathogens require cations to grow within their hosts and utilize specialized mechanisms in order to obtain them (6). Zinc is considered essential for all organisms, including pathogens (7). The average concentration of free Zn 2ϩ in human serum is 0.08 M, which is about 150 times lower than the minimal concentration required for A. fumigatus to grow optimally in a defined liquid medium (8). A. fumigatus possesses three genes, zrfA, zrfB, and zrfC, encoding plasma membrane zinc transporters (8). The zrfA and zrfB genes are required for zinc uptake in acidic Zn-limited environments (7), while zrfC is required for zinc uptake in alkaline environments (9) The zrfC gene is primarily responsible for zinc acquisition within a host's lungs and is required for virulence; zrfA and zrfB contribute to fungal pathogenesis to a lesser extent than zrfC and are not r...

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Antifungal Combinations

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus

In vitro antifungal activity and cytotoxic effect of essential oils and extracts of medicinal and aromatic plants against Candida krusei and Aspergillus fumigatus

In Vitro Activity of Terbinafine Combined with Caspofungin and Azoles against Pythium insidiosum

Administration of Zinc Chelators Improves Survival of Mice Infected with Aspergillus fumigatus both in Monotherapy and in Combination with Caspofungin

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