Antifungal activity of pinosylvin fromPinus densifloraon turfgrass fungal diseases

Abstract

The objective was to examine the antifungal activity of Pinus densiflora extract for the control of turfgrass fungal diseases. Antifungal activities of the various fractions of n-hexane, methylene chloride (Ch), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and n-butanol from P. densiflora were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani AG1-1B, R. solani AG2-2IV, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, R. cerealis, Pythium spp., and Colletotrichum graminicola. The Ch and EtOAc fractions showed antifungal activity against Pythium sp. and C. graminicola in paper disc assay. The effective concentration to produce 50% mycelial inhibition (EC 50 ) using five discriminatory concentrations of pinosylvin (1) from the Ch fraction of P. densiflora was evaluated on R. solani AG1-1B, R. solani AG2-2IV, R. cerealis, and S. homoeocarpa. S. homoeocarpa showed the highest sensitivity with the lowest mean EC 50 value (8.426 μg/ mL) among the four pathogens. Among the three Rhizoctonia pathogens, R. cerealis had the highest mean EC 50 value (99.832 μg/mL) and R. solani AG2-2IV, with the lowest sensitivity, had the lowest EC 50 value (39.696 μg/mL). These results suggested that pinosylvin (1) from P. densiflora could be a valuable lead compound in the improvement of a novel antifungal agent.

In vitro inhibition of extractives from knotwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and black pine (Pinus nigra) on growth of Schizophyllum commune, Trametes versicolor, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Fibroporia vaillantii

“…Pinosylvins are considered to be the prevailing compounds determining the variation of decay resistance of pine heartwood (Belt et al 2017;Harju and Venäläinen 2006;Jorgensen 1961) and are inducible phytoalexin-like inhibitors in living sapwood (Gottstein and Gross 1992;Jorgensen 1961). Crude extracts, pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether and pinosylvin dimethyl ether, mixed in various combinations and concentrations, have been examined for their antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi (Lindberg et al 2004;Pietarinen et al 2006;Välimaa et al 2007), against tip blight and canker pathogen (Sherwood and Bonello 2013), turfgrass fungi (Lee et al 2017) and wood decay fungi (Bois and Lieutier 1997;Celimene et al 1999;Fernandez-Costas et al 2017;Hart and Shrimpton 1979;Lu et al 2016). The origin and purity of pinosylvins was not always similar, sometimes purchased standards were used, or compounds were obtained from the parent laboratory (Seppänen et al 2004), or isolated from different tree parts of pine trees, such as pine cones (Celimene et al 1999), heartwood (Hart andShrimpton 1974) or knotwood (Lindberg et al 2004;Pietarinen et al 2006;Plumed-Ferrer et al 2013;Välimaa et al 2007).…”

Potential inhibitory activity of phytoconstituents against black fungus: In silico ADMET, molecular docking and MD simulation studies

“…A list of 158 bioactive compounds was collected from various herbals that were reported as anti-fungal agents [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , [86] , [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] , [95] , [96] , [97] , [98] , [99] , [100] , [101] , [102] , [103] , [104] , [105] , [106] , [107] , [108] , [109] , [110] , [111] , [112] , [113] . The 3D structure of phytochemicals were downloaded from Pubchem database ( https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) in SDF format.…”

Natural Sources and Pharmacological Properties of Pinosylvin

“…S. homoeocarpa showed the highest sensitivity with the lowest mean EC 50 value (8.426 µg/mL), whereas among the Rhizoctonia pathogens, R. cerealis had the highest mean EC 50 value (99.832 µg/mL). Pinosylvin could be a valuable lead compound for developing new effective and ecofriendly antifungal agents [10].…”

“…Furthermore, pinosylvin exhibited significant antifungal effects against pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trametes versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Neolentinus lepideus, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Postia placenta, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, etc. [9,10]. Also, pinosylvin, as a natural molecule, has been widely investigated in vitro and in vivo for its excellent anti-inflammatory potential, as evidenced in several studies [11][12][13][14][15].…”