Antifungal activity of phytochemical compounds of extracts from Mexican semi-desert plants against Fusarium oxysporum from tomato by microdilution in plate method

Abstract

Introduction: In several regions of the world, Fusarium oxysporum causes losses on tomato crops; for control it, chemical fungicides are used. Nevertheless, these fungicides causing environmental and resistance problems; therefore, ecological alternatives as plant extracts have been developed. Due to the aim of this work, identify phytochemicals present in ethanolic and aqueous extracts from Agave lechuguilla qualitatively, Carya illinoinensis, Jatropha dioica, Larrea tridentata, and Lippia graveolens and determine their antifungal activity against F. oxysporum.Method: The plants collected from the northeast of Mexico; crudes and concentrated plant extracts obtained; the inhibition percentage and inhibitory concentration to 50 % (IC50) of F. oxysporum for each plant extract were determinate trough microdilution in the plate methodResults: The essential phytochemicals were flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and quinones. The antifungal activity showed at 1000 mg/L inhibition around 40 to 60% by aqueous crude extracts from leaves of L. graveolens and concentrated aqueous extracts from the stem of L. graveolens, respectively. The ethanolic extracts presented 100 % of inhibition for crude extracts of husk from C. illinoinensis; in leaves and stem from L. graveolens the inhibition started from 250 mg/L; for resuspended extracts, the inhibition started from 125 mg/L with L. graveolens stem and leaves; and finally in roots of A. lechuguilla and leaves from L. graveolens the inhibition started from to 250 and 500 mg/L respectively. The best IC50 was of 8.02 mg/L from the ethanolic resuspended extract of L. graveolens stem.Conclusion: The ethanolic plant extracts from L. graveolens, A. lechuguilla, and C. illinoinensis, showed 100 % of inhibiting activity against the development of F. oxysporum, representing an alternative for control of F. oxysporum.

Antifungal In Vitro Activity of Phoradendron sp. Extracts on Fungal Isolates from Tomato Crop

“…Studies conducted by Tucuch et al [ 35 ] indicated that ethanolic extracts of Agave lechuguilla , Carya illinoinensis , and Lippia graveolens inhibited 100% of the development of Fusarium oxysporum , from 250 mg*L −1 to 1000 mg*L −1 ; in this research, the antifungal activity barely exceeded 50% inhibition with the three extracts. There are studies with aqueous extracts of garlic, where it is reported that a 95% control of fungicidal activity against F. oxysporum caused the inhibition of lipid, nucleic acid, and protein synthesis [ 36 ].…”

Phytochemical Characterization of Phoradendron bollanum and Viscum album subs. austriacum as Mexican Mistletoe Plants with Antimicrobial Activity

“…The inhibition percentage was calculated according to the following equation: % Inhibition = ((Abs control − Abs sample)/(Abs control)) × 100 where Abs control is the absorbance of control without extract, and Abs sample is the absorbance of samples containing extracts. The IC 50 as the concentration of extracts leads to 50% inhibition, and IC 90 as the concentration leads to 90% inhibition of microorganism growth were estimated using SAS statistical software [ 60 , 61 ].…”

Effect of some Pseudomonas strains and Agave americana L. on wheat germination under salt stress

“…Different bioactive chemicals from Agave plants are linked to various biological functions (92). The ethanolic plant extracts from A. lechuguilla demonstrated 100 % inhibition of F. oxysporum proliferation, providing an approach for controlling F. oxysporum (93). Agave lechuguilla exhibits mycelia growth suppression against a variety of phytopathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium digitatum (94).…”