Antifungal activity of Ethyl-acetate Leaf Extract and Terpenoid-Rich Fraction from Hyptis spicigera Lam

Abstract

known as bushmint (due to their aromatic nature of their leaves), they are widespread in tropical North and South America, as well as parts of West Africa. 4 However, studies have shown that the genus of this plant contain some major bioactive compounds among which are saponin glycosides, alkaloids and flavonoids. 5 Also, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Hyptis suoevulens was reported on S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and P. multocida. 6 Crops are naturally infested with fungi during drying, processing, transportation and subsequent storage and it may be difficult to completely prevent mycotoxins formation in contaminated commodities, particularly those that are produced in tropical and subtropical climates, in countries where high temperature and humidity promote the growth and proliferation of fungi. 7 Thus, they are often colonized by fungi, including species from the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, which cause significant reductions in crop yield, quality and safety due to their ability to produce mycotoxins. 8 Chemical control of most of fungal diseases of plants may be available and could extensively reduce the impact of plant diseases, but field application of synthetic fungicides may not always be desirable. During the last decades, there has been a global awareness that excessive and improper use of chemical fungicides is hazardous to the health of humans and animals. Therefore, an extensive research for environmentally safe and easily biodegradable bio-fungicides is being carried out. Furthermore, these compounds are natural in origin, have minimum adverse effects on the physiological processes of plants and are easily converted into common eco-friendly organic materials. 9 Plant extracts, essential oils, gums, resins, etc. have been shown to exert biological activity against plant fungal pathogens in vitro and in

Alkaloids from Marrubium vulgare L.: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities as a Function of Extraction Methods

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that organic solvents with varying polarities, including ethanol, n-butanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and petroleum, effectively retain alkaloids. [62][63][64][65][66] As most alkaloids have medium polarity, 29 solvents like ethanol (used in the soxhlet method) and acidic ethyl acetate solution (used in the maceration B method) are ideal for extracting alkaloids, penetrating deeper and releasing more extractable compounds. This explains the higher yields obtained for soxhlet and maceration B methods, which may also explain the low values obtained by maceration A and refluxing methods, since a high polarity organic solvent as methanol was applied.…”