Alkaloids from Marrubium vulgare L.: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities as a Function of Extraction Methods

Abstract

The main objective is to determine the most suitable extraction technique for maximizing alkaloid yield and unlocking their potent biological activities. Extraction parameters, including yield, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity, will be meticulously assessed. This study's findings will contribute to understanding the alkaloid profile of Marrubium vulgare L leaves and facilitate the development of effective extraction techniques for obtaining high-quality alkaloidrich extracts. Material and Method Chemicals and plant materialThe glassware used was purchased from Pyrex. Solvents (methanol, ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether) were purchased from Honeywell Fluka. Chemicals and reagents (Mayer's reagent, iron chloride, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, ammonium molybdate, ammonium hydroxide, potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ascorbic acid, lithium chloride, Gel filtration for chromatography Sephadex G-50, aspirin, and formol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Casablanca, Morocco). Extracts concentration was done using a rotary evaporator (BUCHI, Rotavapor R-100, Germany), and optical density measurements were performed on Ultraviolet/Visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1600 PC UV, Japan). Molecular structures and physicochemical data were obtained from PubChem and SwissADME programs (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, http://www.swissadme.ch/). Plant material used consists of Marrubium vulgare L leaves, which were collected during February and March 2021 in the Fez-Meknes region and were identified by Dr. Chaimae Rais in The National Agency for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate, Morocco (Document no. 075/2021). The study was conducted at Human Pathology, Biomedicine and Environment Laboratory, in the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (34.00612274141898, -4.964672169974484).