Abstract:Screening of the antifungal activities of ten Guadeloupean plants was undertaken to find new extracts and formulations against superficial mycoses such as onychomycosis, athlete's foot, Pityriasis versicolor, as well as the deep fungal infection Pneumocystis pneumonia. For the first time, the CMI of these plant extracts [cyclohexane, ethanol and ethanol/water (1:1, v/v)] was determined against five dermatophytes, five Candida species, Scytalidium dimidiatum, a Malassezia sp. strain and Pneumocystis carinii. Cy… Show more
“…In the case of Pisonia acuelata, antifungal activity against several fungi had been evaluated, but only activity against Pneumocystis carinii was reported. 64 We found that extract of this plant to be active against K. pneumoniae. Finally, the whole plant extract of Urena sinuata showed a moderate activity against S. aureus and a very good activity against K. pneumoniae.…”
Introduction: Medicinal plants of Dominican Republic are used for medicinal purposes, but still very little is known about these uses and very few evidence exist to support such uses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts of 48 medicinal plants collected at regional or municipal markets in Dominican Republic for the treatment of several types of infections associated diseases. Methods: Crude ethanolic plant extracts were tested against five species of micro-organisms -E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans using the disc diffusion method. For selected plants, antibacterial activity was also measured for seven (Gram positive and Gram negative) micro-organisms by the standard radial streak method in agar plates. MIC of selected plants was determined against B. subtilis by the broth microdilution method using MTT dye. Results and Discussion: Forty-three of the plants tested showed inhibitory activity against one or more of the micro-organisms at 50 μg of extract. Eleutherine bulbosa, Hymanea courbaril, Ocimum basilicum, Petiveria alliacea, Piper aduncum, Plantago major, Rosmarinus officinalis and Trichilia hirta were effective inhibiting growth of at least three out of the four bacteria strains tested. Moderate MIC values were in the range of 140 µg/mL for A. racemosus to 2920 µg/mL for Chamaesyce hyssopifolia. A few extracts showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Conclusion: Several ethanolic crude extracts derived from plants used in traditional medicine in the Dominican Republic possess antimicrobial activity against a variety of the tested micro-organisms. Isolation and/or identification of potential biologically active compounds and elucidation of their mechanism(s) of action will require further study.
“…In the case of Pisonia acuelata, antifungal activity against several fungi had been evaluated, but only activity against Pneumocystis carinii was reported. 64 We found that extract of this plant to be active against K. pneumoniae. Finally, the whole plant extract of Urena sinuata showed a moderate activity against S. aureus and a very good activity against K. pneumoniae.…”
Introduction: Medicinal plants of Dominican Republic are used for medicinal purposes, but still very little is known about these uses and very few evidence exist to support such uses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of crude ethanolic extracts of 48 medicinal plants collected at regional or municipal markets in Dominican Republic for the treatment of several types of infections associated diseases. Methods: Crude ethanolic plant extracts were tested against five species of micro-organisms -E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans using the disc diffusion method. For selected plants, antibacterial activity was also measured for seven (Gram positive and Gram negative) micro-organisms by the standard radial streak method in agar plates. MIC of selected plants was determined against B. subtilis by the broth microdilution method using MTT dye. Results and Discussion: Forty-three of the plants tested showed inhibitory activity against one or more of the micro-organisms at 50 μg of extract. Eleutherine bulbosa, Hymanea courbaril, Ocimum basilicum, Petiveria alliacea, Piper aduncum, Plantago major, Rosmarinus officinalis and Trichilia hirta were effective inhibiting growth of at least three out of the four bacteria strains tested. Moderate MIC values were in the range of 140 µg/mL for A. racemosus to 2920 µg/mL for Chamaesyce hyssopifolia. A few extracts showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Conclusion: Several ethanolic crude extracts derived from plants used in traditional medicine in the Dominican Republic possess antimicrobial activity against a variety of the tested micro-organisms. Isolation and/or identification of potential biologically active compounds and elucidation of their mechanism(s) of action will require further study.
“…B. simaruba is one of the traditional plants with most scientific evidence in many fields, possess cytotoxicity, and antiviral properties against herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2) [ 15 ], antifungal activity [ 16 ], antibacterial [ 17 - 19 ], anti-inflammatory [ 20 - 23 ], the present study describes some cardiovascular properties; was the only tested extract that reduced the HR in rats with and without hypertension, the only with negative chronotropic effect in all experimental groups, evoking the effects of the beta blockers [ 24 - 26 ], further experiments must test if this effect is observed or not in models of sympathetic denervation [ 27 ] or in the presence of selective adrenergic antagonist to elucidate the pharmacodynamic mechanism of action. The single oral administration of the extract decreased the BP for more than 40 h; antihypertensive drugs action should last at least 24 h to enhance adherence [ 28 , 29 ], postulating it as a novel long-acting antihypertensive drug.…”
Background:Papaveraceae Argemone mexicana L., Burseraceae Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg., Acanthaceae Justicia spicigera Schltdl. and Selaginellaceae Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. & Grev.) Spring., have been used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat hypertension. The objective of this study was to further characterize the cardiovascular effects of the methanol extracts of such plants.Methods:The medicinal plants were collected and taxonomically identified; the methanol extract of each explored plant were administrated to conscious and unconscious male Wistar rats with and without glucose-induced hypertension. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated before and after the extract administration. Vascular reactivity experiments were conducted in rat aortic rings obtained from rats with and without sugar-induced hypertension, a model widely used to study such effects with cardiovascular agents.Results:After oral administration in normotensive conscious rats all tested extracts decreased the HR, such effect was only observed in hypertensive conscious rats after the administration of B. simaruba; only A. mexicana and B. simaruba decreased the BP after oral administration. All extracts administrated by intravenous injection diminished the mean arterial pressure. Dose-response curves to cumulative concentrations of all the extracts promote vascular relaxation in precontracted aortas from rats with and without sugar-induced hypertension.Conclusions:The present study indicated that B. simaruba is worthy of further investigation as a potential phytotherapeutic agent for treating hypertension.
“…One explanation for the differences in the amount of disease present in each forest species may be related to the production of secondary metabolites and the anatomy of their leaves. In Platymisicium species, the presence of flavonoids, isoflavonoids and other compounds with antifungal and cytotoxic properties has been reported (Cardoso-Lopes et al, 2008;Cuellar et al, 2020), although plant metabolites produced by E. cyclocarpum may also have antifungal activity (Pacheco et al, 2012;Biabiany et al, 2013). Arambarri et al (2006) observed the presence of conspicuous epicuticular waxes in Enterolobium spp., a common feature of species adapted to dry environments, which can confer resistance to penetrating pathogens.…”
Section: Incidence and Severity Of Foliar Anthracnose And Their Relationship With Tree Defoliationmentioning
Epidemiological analyzes of foliar diseases associated with Colletotrichum spp. in Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Platymiscium pinnatum were performed under field conditions and without any type of intervention. At the Universidad del Magdalena (Santa Marta, Colombia), four trees for each species and four equidistant monitoring sites per tree were established. The incidence and severity were recorded for 33 weeks (March to November 2016), including two follow-up periods: dry and rainy season. Disease development curves were elaborated. Moreover, the development rate (r) and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were calculated for each follow-up period. The effect of the meteorological variables was statistically analyzed by correlation and multiple regression. In E. cyclocarpum, the highest incidence and severity were recorded between September and November with 100 and 19.6%, respectively, showing a positive correlation with relative humidity and negative with average temperature, solar radiation and wind speed. In P. pinnatum, the maximum values of incidence and severity were observed between March and April with 68.9 and 1.3%, respectively. However, correlation analyzes did not support their relationship with the environmental factors. The r values during the dry months were 0.136 and 0.107 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were calculated at 51 and 4 units week-1 for E. cyclocarpum and P. pinnatum, respectively. In the rainy months, the r values were 0.187 and 0.016 units week-1 and the AUDPCs were 186 and 2 units week-1, respectively. In conclusion, the development of the disease varies according to the forest species, time of year and some meteorological variables.
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