“…In addition, it has a rapid reproduction rate, it was diffusely isolated from activated sludge in WWTPs [25,26], and it has been already adopted as model biofoulant to test antifouling technology on membranes [27,28,29]. …”
This study provides data to define an efficient biocide-free strategy based on zosteric acid to counteract biofilm formation on the membranes of submerged bioreactor system plants. 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis showed that gammaproteobacteria was the prevalent taxa on fouled membranes of an Italian wastewater plant. Pseudomonas was the prevalent genus among the cultivable membrane-fouler bacteria and Pseudomonas putida was selected as the target microorganism to test the efficacy of the antifoulant. Zosteric acid was not a source of carbon and energy for P. putida cells and, at 200 mg/L, it caused a reduction of bacterial coverage by 80%. Biofilm experiments confirmed the compound caused a significant decrease in biomass (−97%) and thickness (−50%), and it induced a migration activity of the peritrichous flagellated P. putida over the polycarbonate surface not amenable to a biofilm phenotype. The low octanol-water partitioning coefficient and the high water solubility suggested a low bioaccumulation potential and the water compartment as its main environmental recipient and capacitor. Preliminary ecotoxicological tests did not highlight direct toxicity effects toward Daphnia magna. For green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata an effect was observed at concentrations above 100 mg/L with a significant growth of protozoa that may be connected to a concurrent algal growth inhibition.
“…In addition, it has a rapid reproduction rate, it was diffusely isolated from activated sludge in WWTPs [25,26], and it has been already adopted as model biofoulant to test antifouling technology on membranes [27,28,29]. …”
This study provides data to define an efficient biocide-free strategy based on zosteric acid to counteract biofilm formation on the membranes of submerged bioreactor system plants. 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis showed that gammaproteobacteria was the prevalent taxa on fouled membranes of an Italian wastewater plant. Pseudomonas was the prevalent genus among the cultivable membrane-fouler bacteria and Pseudomonas putida was selected as the target microorganism to test the efficacy of the antifoulant. Zosteric acid was not a source of carbon and energy for P. putida cells and, at 200 mg/L, it caused a reduction of bacterial coverage by 80%. Biofilm experiments confirmed the compound caused a significant decrease in biomass (−97%) and thickness (−50%), and it induced a migration activity of the peritrichous flagellated P. putida over the polycarbonate surface not amenable to a biofilm phenotype. The low octanol-water partitioning coefficient and the high water solubility suggested a low bioaccumulation potential and the water compartment as its main environmental recipient and capacitor. Preliminary ecotoxicological tests did not highlight direct toxicity effects toward Daphnia magna. For green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata an effect was observed at concentrations above 100 mg/L with a significant growth of protozoa that may be connected to a concurrent algal growth inhibition.
“…In this case, metals were able to diffuse through the encapsulating polymer, which was made porous using a combination of solvents. 124 Antimicrobial air filters based on silver-doped nanofibrous PAN membrane was tested for the filtration of microorganisms and dust particles and were found to efficiently remove microorganisms and dust from air suitable for hospitals or other places prone to bacterial infections. 125 Functionalized electrospun polyamide fibers including nanosilver, but also biocidals like bronopol or polyquat, were used to produce flat sheet microfiltration membranes for water disinfection.…”
Section: Filters For Environmental Applicationsmentioning
Electrospinning is a versatile technique providing highly tunable nanofibrous nonwovens. Many biomedical applications have been developed for nanofibers, among which the production of antimicrobial mats stands out. The production of scaffolds for tissue engineering, fibers for controlled drug release, or active wound dressings are active fields of research exploiting the possibilities offered by electrospun materials. The fabrication of materials for active food packaging or membranes for environmental applications is also reviewed. We attempted to give an overview of the most recent literature related with applications in which nanofibers get in contact with living cells and develop a nano-bio interface.
“…Electrospun fibers have attracted considerable attention due to their remarkable properties, which include small diameter and relatively high surface-to-volume ratio, even though the preparation of porous polymer nanofibers with high surface areas is still a challenge [23]. The incorporation of particles into electrospun polymer nanofibers has also been explored by researchers working in drug delivery applications and in water treatment technologies [24,25].…”
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