Antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction between Fe3+ ions in Fe3+ doped wide-gap oxide of β-Ga2−Fe O3 (x=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)

Electronic structure modification in Fe-substituted β-Ga2O3 from resonant photoemission and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopies

“…Thus, a red shift in the bandgap value of ∼1.5 eV is observed with 21% of Fe substitution in the lattice of the β-Ga 2 O 3 . The reduction of the bandgap of β-Ga 2 O 3 with Fe substitution as determined in the present study is in agreement with the reported literature [13,14]. The reduction of the bandgap of β-Ga 2 O 3 with Fe substitution is expected to affect both the VB and CB.…”

“…With an increase of Fe composition, the peak positions shift towards the lower angle side in the 2θ/ω-scan profiles, which is clearly shown in figure 1(b). This clearly indicates that the out-of-plane inter-planar spacing increases with the increase in Fe composition, which is similar to the bulk Fe-substituted β-Ga 2 O 3 , where increases in the lattice parameters were reported [13]. Note that no other peak appears in the XRD profile with the increase of Fe composition.…”

“…More recently, it has also been reported that transition metals like Fe, Mn, Cr, etc, can also reduce the optical bandgap of the host β-Ga 2 O 3 [12][13][14][15][16]. Among them, the characterization and utilization of various properties of Fe doped/substituted β-Ga 2 O 3 systems either in the form of polycrystalline powder-/nanoparticles or single crystal/thin films have been of specific interest [12][13][14][15][16]. Fe doping into β-Ga 2 O 3 crystals produces carrier capture traps to compensate for unintentional n-type conductivity, thereby finding applications as semi-insulating single-crystal substrates with high-performances [17][18][19].…”

“…To increase its applicability in various devices, researchers have explored several elements either to increase conductivity through doping (Si, Ge, Sn) or bandgap engineering through substitution (Al, In, Fe) [7][8][9][10][11]. More recently, it has also been reported that transition metals like Fe, Mn, Cr, etc, can also reduce the optical bandgap of the host β-Ga 2 O 3 [12][13][14][15][16]. Among them, the characterization and utilization of various properties of Fe doped/substituted β-Ga 2 O 3 systems either in the form of polycrystalline powder-/nanoparticles or single crystal/thin films have been of specific interest [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Double spin-glass-like behavior and antiferromagnetic superexchange interaction between Fe 3+ ions in α -Ga 2− x Fe x O 3 (0 ≤

“…The details of the preparation of β -GF x O with x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 can be found elsewhere. [22] Briefly, the starting powders of β -Ga 2 O 3 (99.999%, −325 mesh, Alfa Aesar) and α-Fe 2 O 3 (99.99%, −325 mesh, Alfa Aesar) were mixed in the designed atomic ratio of Ga to Fe by a vario-planetary ball miller (Pulverisette 4, Fritsch, Germany) at a rotation speed of 200 RPM for 10 hours. After the milling, the obtained mixtures were dried at 90 • C for 24 hours and subsequently pressed into a pellet of 10 mm in diameter.…”