Antifeedant activities of Ginkgo biloba L. components against the larva of Pieris rapae crucivora.

Abstract

The ginkgo tree, 'Ginkgo biloba L. that is called a

Deterrents extracted from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba: effects on feeding and contact chemoreceptors

“…There were distinct differences in responses between Pieris brassicae and P. rapae. Ginkgolide A, B, and C each strongly stimulated deterrent receptors in P. rapae, which corresponds with the observation (Matsumoto & Sei, 1987) that these compounds are effective antifeedants for this species. No toxic effects were observed in insects after feeding for 24 h on diets containing ginkgo extracts.…”

“…Because the chromatogram of fraction 2.8.2 showed only two bands, this fraction was further separated and the two constituting compounds were identified as A8-15: 1-anacardic acid and A1~ : 1-anacardic acid. Both have been found before in Ginkgo biloba in the sarcotesta (Itokawa et al, 1987) as well as in the leaves (Matsumoto & Sei, 1987). A8-15 : 1-Anacardic acid was identified by Itokawa et aL (1.c.)…”

“…The ginkgo tree, Ginkgo biloba L., the most ancient living tree, derives its longevity at least partly from its exceptional resistance to pests and pathogenic microorganisms (Major, 1967). Scattered reports in the literature suggest that the ginkgo tree contains toxic and/or deterrent substances to insects (Cymorek, 1981;Klausnitzer, 1983;Matsumoto & Sei, 1987) and mites (Dabrowski, 1973). Even notoriously generalist herbivores on woody plants, like the Japanese beetle and gypsy moth larvae, refuse to feed on ginkgo foliage (Major & Tietz, 1962;Miller & Hanson, 1989).…”

Ginkgo and Insects

“…Methanol extracts of the leaves deterred feeding by Pieris rapae crucivora on cabbage leaf disks treated with the extract. The active components were 6-penta-decylsalicylic acid, 6-hepta-decenylsalicylic acid and sesquiterpene, bilobalide [61]. Kwon et al [62] tested extracts of 43 species of plants including G. biloba leaves for their insecticidal and acaricidal activities against six species of insects and one mite species.…”

Advances in Ginkgo biloba research: Genomics and metabolomics perspectives

“…Bevan et al (1961) have reported that this aldehyde is an insect repellent. Ginkgolide A has been found the most active of several compounds which included bilobalide and ginkgolic acids, possessing antifeedant activity against larvae of the cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae crucivora) (Matsumoto and Sei, 1987). Roots and stems of G. biloba are also toxic to insects (Major, 1967).…”