Antidiabetic Potential of Commonly Available Fruit Plants in Bangladesh: Updates on Prospective Phytochemicals and Their Reported MoAs

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening disorder affecting people of all ages and adversely disrupts their daily functions. Despite the availability of numerous synthetic-antidiabetic medications and insulin, the demand for the development of novel antidiabetic medications is increasing due to the adverse effects and growth of resistance to commercial drugs in the long-term usage. Hence, antidiabetic phytochemicals isolated from fruit plants can be a very nifty option to develop life-saving novel antidiabetic therapeutics, employing several pathways and MoAs (mechanism of actions). This review focuses on the antidiabetic potential of commonly available Bangladeshi fruits and other plant parts, such as seeds, fruit peals, leaves, and roots, along with isolated phytochemicals from these phytosources based on lab findings and mechanism of actions. Several fruits, such as orange, lemon, amla, tamarind, and others, can produce remarkable antidiabetic actions and can be dietary alternatives to antidiabetic therapies. Besides, isolated phytochemicals from these plants, such as swertisin, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, and other prospective phytochemicals, also demonstrated their candidacy for further exploration to be established as antidiabetic leads. Thus, it can be considered that fruits are one of the most valuable gifts of plants packed with a wide spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals and are widely consumed as dietary items and medicinal therapies in different civilizations and cultures. This review will provide a better understanding of diabetes management by consuming fruits and other plant parts as well as deliver innovative hints for the researchers to develop novel drugs from these plant parts and/or their phytochemicals.

Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of an Indigenous Plant of Bangladesh, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.: Drug Discovery from Nature

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex condition defined by elevated blood sugar levels brought on by deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or action. Diabetes is typically treated by altering either the lipid or glucose metabolism, or both [ 62 , 63 ]. Developing diabetes complications is a global health issue that millions of people must deal with.…”

Two rare flavonoid glycosides from Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C. B. Rob.: experimental and computational approaches endorse antidiabetic potentiality

“…The primary causes of high blood sugar in individuals with diabetes are reduced insulin secretion by the beta-cells in the pancreas and reduced insulin sensitivity in the liver and muscle cells. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetics results in micro- and macrovascular consequences, including cardiovascular disorders, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy [ 3 , 5 ]. L. glutinosa is a traditional herbal remedy that is frequently used to treat diarrhea and dysentery [ 55 ].…”

“…Li et al [ 5 ] reported that 4΄- O -methyl (2″,4″-di- E -p-coumaroyl) afzelin (compound 1) and its three more analogues exerted IC 50 values 5.9 to 35.3 μM, which is 8 to 91 times more potent than the standard drug acarbose (IC 50 = 266.1 μM) against the α-glucosidase enzyme, which is associated with carbohydrate digestion in small intestine. Thus, the flavonoid glycosides prevent carbohydrates from being cleaved, reducing glucose absorption and lowering postprandial glycemic levels [ 3 ].…”

“…Present therapies often fail to sustain glucose level as well as to reduce diabetes-related complications in the long-term. Treatment of diabetes using herbs and plants is becoming very popular worldwide due to minimum or no side effects, absent or low toxicity, comprehensive biodegradability, easy availability as compared with the insufficient supply, unaffordable treatment cost and severe side effects of synthetic drugs [ 3 ]. Bioactive chemicals are abundant in nature, and from 1981 to 2014, substances from nature served as the basis or influence for 51% of approved medications [ 4 ].…”

Stixis suaveolens (Roxb.) Fruit Extract Deciphered Antidepressant and Antidiarrheal Effects via In vivo Approach

“…Medicinal plants account for 10% of all vascular plants (Fonnegra and Jiménez, 2007), comprising almost half a million species (Pimm et al, 2014). When no synthetic medications were available and no idea of surgery existed, the plant kingdom aided greatly in the treatment of ailments (Akinyemi et al, 2018;Alam et al, 2022). The usage of these plants has been developed over the generations and this has become known in many contexts as traditional medicine.…”