Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of an Indigenous Plant of Bangladesh, Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.: Drug Discovery from Nature

Abstract

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. (Family: Asteraceae) is a tropical Asian medicinal plant found in Thailand, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. It has long been utilized to treat a variety of health concerns in numerous countries around the world, such as renal discomfort, constipation, diabetes mellitus, rheumatism, and hypertension. The chemical investigation resulted in the isolation and characterization of six compounds from the methanol (MeOH) extract of the leaves of Gynura procumbens, which were identified as phytol (1), lupeol (2), stigmasterol (3), friedelanol acetate (4), β-amyrin (5), and a mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol (6). In-depth investigations of the high-resolution 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic data from the isolated compounds, along with comparisons to previously published data, were used to clarify their structures. Among these, the occurrence of Compounds 1 and 4 in this plant are reported for the first time. The crude methanolic extract (CME) and its different partitionates, i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), chloroform (CSF), ethyl acetate (EASF), and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions, were subjected to antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, and anti-diabetic activities. In a DPPH free radical scavenging assay, EASF showed the maximum activity, with an IC50 value of 10.78 µg/mL. On the other hand, CSF displayed the highest cytotoxic effect with an LC50 value of 1.94 µg/mL compared to 0.464 µg/mL for vincristine sulphate. In a thrombolytic assay, the crude methanolic extract exhibited the highest activity (63.77%) compared to standard streptokinase (70.78%). During the assay for anti-diabetic activity, the PESF showed 70.37% of glucose-lowering activity, where standard glibenclamide showed 63.24% of glucose-reducing activity.

Spice plants as a biology learning resource based-education for sustainable development

“…The composition of the compound flowers is orange- yellow, with the green or orange tubular crown, needle-shaped stamens, yellow color, one-sided anthers, and the bractea involucralis lined with pointed or blunt ends [47]. Gynura procumbens has several secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, glycosides, and essential oils [48]. Figure 12 shows the morphology of Gynura procumbens, characterized by having elongated green leaves, upright plants forming clumps.…”

Antihyperglycemic Effects of Gynura Procumbens: A Review of In Vivo Studies

“…As a result, 15 in vivo studies were included in this review. Table summarizes the characteristics of the included studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] (Table 1). Animal models used in these studies were all rodents.…”

Potential of the Novel Slot Blot Method with a PVDF Membrane for Protein Identification and Quantification in Kampo Medicines

“…Meanwhile, Hosogi et al identified paeoniflorin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizic acid as the chemical markers of Ninjin'yoeito extract [16]. Low-molecular-weight compounds are generally extracted using low-polar solvents, such as methanol [10,59], acetone [60], hexane [10,61], and ethyl acetate [61]. These solvents can be evaporated at 40-60 • C, facilitating the facile collection of low-molecular-weight compounds [59][60][61].…”

“…Low-molecular-weight compounds are generally extracted using low-polar solvents, such as methanol [10,59], acetone [60], hexane [10,61], and ethyl acetate [61]. These solvents can be evaporated at 40-60 • C, facilitating the facile collection of low-molecular-weight compounds [59][60][61]. Miyano et al prepared a water extract of Hangeshashinto and, subsequently, prepared a methanol extract fraction from the water extract, identifying baicalin, glycyrrhizic acid, and berberine [62]; however, this process included a freeze-drying step, which is inconvenient when evaporating low-polar solvents.…”