Antidiabetic effects of chitooligosaccharides on pancreatic islet cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease all over the world. Its long-term tissue complications that affect small and large blood vessels are directly connected with the time of patients suffering from hyperglycemia. Chitosan is a polycationic copolymer consisting of β-1, 4-linked 2-acetamido-D-glucose and β-1, 4-linked 2-amino-D-glucose units. Crab and shrimp shell wastes are currently utilized as the major industrial source of biomass for large-scale production of chitosan. Chitosan which is biodegradable, non-toxic and biocompatible has been shown to be particularly useful in many fields [1] , including food, cosmetics, biomedicine, agriculture and environmental protection. Furthermore, it can be used as a bioactive material due to its biodegradable, non-toxic and non-allergenic natures. However, chitosan shows its biological activity only in acidic medium because of its poor solubility at pH above 6.5 and low absorbability of non-digestible and high molecular polysaccharides. Therefore, recent studies on chitosan have attracted interest in converting it to chitooligosaccharides(COS), because COS not only are water-soluble but also possess versatile functional properties such as antitumor enhancing properties [2,3] , immunostimulating effects [2,4] , antimicrobial activity [5] , free radical scavenging activity [6][7][8] , protective effects against infections [9] , arthritis controlling activity [10] , plant disease controlling activity [11,12] and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity [13] . However, little attention has been paid to its activity in diabetes mellitus and related mode of action.In the present study, soluble chitooligosaccharides with low molecular weight were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan with chitosanase as previously described [14] . The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of chitooligosaccharides on proliferation of pancreatic islet cells and release of insulin in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS MaterialsChitosan (minimum 90% deacetylated, Mr: 500 000) was purchased from Jinan Haidebei Marine Bioengineering Abstract AIM: To investigate the effect of chitooligosaccharides on proliferation of pancreatic islet cells, release of insulin and 2 h plasma glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS:In vitro , the effect of chitooligosaccharides on proliferation of pancreatic islet cells and release of insulin was detected with optical microscopy, colorimetric assay, and radioimmunoassay respectively. In vivo , the general clinical symptoms, 2 h plasma glucose, urine glucose, oral glucose tolerance were examined after sixty days of feeding study to determine the effect of chitooligosaccharides in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. RESULTS:Chitooligosaccharides could effectively a c c e l e ra t e t h e p r o l i f e ra t i o n o f p a n c r e a t i c i s l e t cells. Chitooligosaccharides (100 mg/L) had direct and prominent effect on pancreastic β cells and insulin release from islet cells. All concentrations of chitooli...

Anti-inflammatory effect of chitosan oligosaccharides in RAW 264.7 cells

“…Chitosan, which is biodegradable, nontoxic, and biocompatible, is particularly useful in many industrial fields, including in food, cosmetics, biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental protection [4,5]. However, its high molecular weight has limited its practical applications due to its insolubility [21,22].…”

“…Chitosan, which is biodegradable, nontoxic, and biocompatible, has been shown to be particularly useful in many fields, including those of food, cosmetics, biomedicine, agriculture, and environmental protection [1][2][3][4][5]. However, their high molecular weight and high viscosity may limit their uses in vivo.…”

Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds with Health Benefits from Marine Resources: Macro and Micro Algae, Cyanobacteria, and Invertebrates

“…Chitosan is produced by the alkaline deacetylation of chitin, and is employed in a wide range of applications. Some interesting effects have also been associated with this polymer, including dietary fi ber, lipid absorption reduction, and hypocholesterolemic or antidiabetic effects, among others (Ngo et al 2011 ;Liu et al 2007 ;Liao et al 2007 ;Muzzarelli et al 2007 ) .…”

Immunostimulatory Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Wistar Albino Rats

“…9,10 Over the last three decades, there has been increasing number of publications on chitosan and its derivatives in the pharmaceutical industry. The chitosan is known to possess many biological activities such as antibacterial, 11,12 antioxidant, 13 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition, 14 antidiabetic, 15 anti-HIV, 16 anti-inflammatory activities, only restricted to those activities, but also chitosan modification will enhance and open various ways to utilize chitosan. 19 The rationale for this is that chitosan modification will keep the original physiochemical and biochemical properties of chitosan and bring the new properties of the group introduced to them at the same time.…”