Anti-inflammatory effect of chitosan oligosaccharides in RAW 264.7 cells

Abstract

Anti-inflammatory effect of chitosan oligosaccharides in RAW 264.7 cells * E-mail: cghyun@jejuhidi.or.kr Abstract: We examined the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) with different molecular weights (COS-A, 10 kDa < MW < 20 kDa; COS-C, 1 kDa < MW < 3 kDa) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of prostaglandin E 2 and nitric oxide and on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) significantly inhibited PGE 2 production in LPS-stimulated macrophages without cytotoxicity. The effect of COS-A and COS-C on COX-2 expression in activated macrophages was also investigated by immunoblotting. The inhibition of PGE 2 by COS-A and COS-C can be attributed to the blocking of COX-2 protein expression. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) also markedly inhibited the LPS-induced NO production of RAW 264.7 cells by 50.2% and 44.1%, respectively. The inhibition of NO by COSs was consistent with decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. To test the inhibitory effects of COS-A and COS-C on other cytokines, we also performed ELISA assays for IL-1ß in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, but only a dose-dependent decrease in the IL-1ß production exerted by COS-A was observed. In order to test for irritation and the potential sensitization of COS-A and COS-C for use as cosmetic materials, human skin primary irritation tests were performed on 32 volunteers; no adverse reactions of COSs usage were observed. Based on these results, we suggest that COS-A and COS-C be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.

Crab Shell Extract Improves Serum Biochemical Markers and Histological Changes of Pancreas in Diabetic Rats

“…Elevated levels of interleukin-1 and other cytokines activate the expression of NO synthesis, which produces high levels of NO free radicals (Mandrup-Poulsen et al, 1985). Studies have shown chitosan oligosaccharide exerts anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the formation of NO in macrophages (Yang et al, 2010). One of the possible mechanisms of damage to b cells in the STZ induction diabetes may be NO overproduction, which is followed by oxidative stress.…”

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Chitosan-phytochemical Conjugates against Propionibacterium acnes-induced Inflammation

“…CCA P. acnes HaCaT cell 50 g/mL, 100 g/mL 300 g/mL , 40%, 55% 65% NO . chitosan RAW 264.7 cell 44.1%-50.2% NO Yang et al (2010) . Chitosan NO inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) .…”

Extraction and characterization of chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides from crab shell waste

“…Chitin and chitosan have excellent properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility and non-toxicity adsorption (Majeti and Kumar, 2000). Chitosan and its oligomers are known for its various important biological properties such as antimicrobial (Park et al, 2015), antifungal (Hussain et al, 2012), antioxidant (Younes and Rinaudo, 2015), neuroprotective (Pangestuti and Kim, 2010) and anti-inflammatory (Yang et al, 2010). Besides having versatile biological functions, major drawbacks in application of chitosan is its insolubility in water and high molecular weight (Shen et al 2009).…”