Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium (Linn.) bark

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a global health problem and constantly increasing day by day. The number of diabetic people in world is expected to rise to 366 million in 2030. The available drugs for diabetes, insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents have one or more side effects and search for new antidiabetic drugs with minimal or no side effects from medicinal plants is a challenging for us. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Semecarpus anacardium (Linn.) (abbreviated as SF).MethodsThe antidiabetic activity was determined by using alloxan-induced diabetic rats. After 15 days of treatment, serum biochemical parameters such as TC, TG, LDL, HDL, SGOT and SGPT were estimated. The survival rate, body weight, organ weight, liver glycogen and blood parameters (RBC and Hb) were also measured. The antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and total flavonoid content were determined by using standard methods.ResultsThe results showed that the survival rate was 100% in rats of Group SA 400. The effect of extract on blood glucose level in Groups SA 100, SA 200 and SA 400 were dose-dependent throughout the treatment period. No significant changes in organ weight to body weight ratio were observed, liver weights significantly improved in Groups SA 200 and SA 400. The bark extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) anti-diabetic activity with lowering TC, TG, LDL level dose-dependently and protected liver which may be partially explained by attenuation of SGOT and SGPT levels and increases liver glycogen. The percentage of Hb and RBC counts were negatively correlated with the doses of extracts. In DPPH scavenging assay, IC50 values of SA extract and ascorbic acid were found 72.24 μg/ml and 17.81 μg/ml, respectively. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins that were contribute to biological activity.ConclusionsThese results indicated that stem barks of S. anacardium possess strong anti-diabetic and antioxidant potentials and support traditional medicinal use for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and good source for natural antioxidants.

Sugar-Lowering Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome—Review of Classical and New Compounds: Part-I

“…Nowadays, the number of people suffering from DM and its complications is increasing, in part due to the current worldwide lifestyle: Sedentary lifestyle, high-fat diet, obesity and longer life span [6]. DM has become a global health problem since it is the most common clinical disorder, affecting nearly 10% of the population all over the world and constantly increasing day by day [7]. In 2015, 246 million people were estimated to have DM worldwide, among which about 80% resided in developing countries [7].…”

“…DM has become a global health problem since it is the most common clinical disorder, affecting nearly 10% of the population all over the world and constantly increasing day by day [7]. In 2015, 246 million people were estimated to have DM worldwide, among which about 80% resided in developing countries [7]. It was reported by World Health Organization (WHO) that about 1.1 million people died of diabetic complications, and it is expected that the death rate will increase up to 50% in 2030 [7].…”

“…In 2015, 246 million people were estimated to have DM worldwide, among which about 80% resided in developing countries [7]. It was reported by World Health Organization (WHO) that about 1.1 million people died of diabetic complications, and it is expected that the death rate will increase up to 50% in 2030 [7]. The disease has multiple etiologies and results, briefly, from the impaired release of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells with absolute or relative insulin deficiency in plasma.…”

“…The disease has multiple etiologies and results, briefly, from the impaired release of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells with absolute or relative insulin deficiency in plasma. Moreover, the pathophysiology of DM is also characterized by inadequate or defective insulin receptors activity, insulin-resistance characterized by an insufficient response of peripheral tissues to insulin, along with the production of inactive insulin and/or early destruction of insulin, before its action has been carried out in tissues [1,7]. As an integrated part of a metabolic syndrome, DM is a global disease with great influence on human health and mortality, particularly regarding cardiovascular disorders.…”

“…Indeed, it is well-established that patients with DM also suffer from dyslipidemia and have an increased risk of coronary heart disease, as well as peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease. All together, these facts demand the control of both the blood glucose and lipid levels [7] in order to avoid the serious complications related to the disease, such as heart and blood vessel diseases [7].…”