Antidepressants in association with reducing risk of oral cancer occurrence: a nationwide population-based cohort and nested case-control studies

Abstract

ObjectivesSeveral studies suggested that antidepressant use may increase or decrease the risk of cancer occurrence, depending on specific cancer types. The possible carcinogenic effect of antidepressants has received substantial attention; however, evidence remains inconclusive. Here we investigated associations between the use of antidepressants and occurrences of oral cancer (OC).MethodsTwo million samples were randomly collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, which covers 98% of the total population (23 million). All patients from2000 to 2009 were followed up. We identified 5103 patients newly diagnosed with OC after antidepressants use in addition to 20,412 non-OC matched subjects and 95,452 unmatched non-OC subjects.ResultsIn nested case control analysis, factors associating with OC, including age [OR = 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.03) and male (OR = 5.30; 95% CI = 4.92–5.70) were independently associated with increased risk of OC. Based on the functions of antidepressants, antidepressants treatment medications were further classified to investigate risk of OC. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (OR = 0.61; 95% CI = 0.53–0.70) and tricyclic antidepressants (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.52–0.63) were associated with reduced risk of OC. The risk of developing OC among subjects taking antidepressants was less than 26% [hazard ratio (HR) =0.74; 95% CI = 0.68–0.81] in prospective cohort study. The effect of a cumulative duration and dose was a significantly reduced risk of OC.ConclusionsThe association between antidepressant use and decreasing OC risk were demonstrated by both prospective and nested case–control studies.

Risk analysis of use of different classes of antidepressants on subsequent dementia: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

“…Hence, the subgroup who exceeds 80 years old was excluded in this study. In addition, the reason that we set antidepressant users who had been prescribed at least 30 days is because depressive symptoms get improved within this period of time [36] and this criterion is widely accepted in other studies [40–42]. …”

Neuroprotective effect of dietary black seed flour on key enzymes linked with neuronal signaling molecules in rats exposed to mixture of environmental metals

“…This is an outcome of neurological changes in the Central Nervous System (CNS). However, the key agents with a pivotal role in learning and memory processes are ADA, MAO‐A, AChE, and BuChE enzymes (Benamar et al, ; Chung et al, ). Recent studies have also shown that mixture of heavy metals and organic pollutants, are capable of enhancing the activities of ADA, MAO‐A, AChE, and BuChE (Akintunde & Oboh, ; Miguel et al, ; Sánchez‐Santed et al, ) thus, causing memory disorders.…”

“…Neurodegeneration encompassing cognitive impairment is a metabolic disorder characterized by high activities of mono‐amine oxidase‐A (MAO‐A), adenosine deaminase (ADA), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), butrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and low levels of brain nucleotides (Benamar et al, ; Chung et al, ; Osman & Osman, ). This involves the progressive loss of structures or functions of neurons, ranging from molecular to systemic (Estrada‐Sánchez, Mejía‐Toiber, & Massieu, ), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases (Caccamo, Currò, Condello, Ferlazzo, & Ientile, ; De Vos, Grierson, Ackerley, & Miller, ).…”

Depression in the Context of Medical Disorders: New Pharmacological Pathways Revisited

“…In this context, in a study, where antidepressant treatment generated modest symptom reductions, antidepressants did not improve symptoms more than placebo in 2 heart failure trials [37]. Moreover, in patients with heart failure depressive symptoms, not antidepressant therapy predicted event-free survival but depressive patients without antidepressants had a 4.1 times higher risk of death and hospitalization than non-depressed patients on antidepressant treatment [38]. …”