Anticipatory postural adjustments during a Fitts’ task: Comparing young versus older adults and the effects of different foci of attention

Aloraini, Saleh M.; Glazebrook, Cheryl M.; Sibley, Kathryn M.; Singer, Jonathan C.; Passmore, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2019.02.019

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A total of seven healthy volunteers were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age 18 to 35 years old ( Aloraini et al, 2019 ), (2) free from neurological and psychiatric disorders, (3) right-handed dominance, (4) body mass index from 18.5 to 23.9 ( Corp et al, 2018 ), and (5) signed informed consents. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) having suffered from neuropsychological diseases (depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and so on) in the past, (2) having a history of drug abuse (drugs that are potential hazards for rTMS, especially drugs that can lower seizure threshold) ( Rossi et al, 2009 ), (3) individuals with musculoskeletal disorders, especially disorders in the lower limb and trunk, (4) subjects with vestibular deficits and (5) participated in other TMS experiments without reporting TMS exclusion criteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immediate Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation of the Cerebellar Vermis on Cerebral Cortical Excitability During a Balance Task in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

Tan

Wei

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Objective: This pilot study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of single-session intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) on the cerebellar vermis during a balance task, which could unveil the changes of cerebral cortical excitability in healthy individuals.Subjects: A total of seven right-handed healthy subjects (26.86 ± 5.30 years) were included in this study.Interventions: Each subject received single-session iTBS on cerebellar vermis in a sitting position.Main Measures: Before and after the intervention, all subjects were asked to repeat the balance task of standing on the left leg three times. Each task consisted of 15 s of standing and 20 s of resting. Real-time changes in cerebral cortex oxygen concentrations were monitored with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). During the task, changes in blood oxygen concentration were recorded and converted into the mean HbO2 for statistical analysis.Results: After stimulation, the mean HbO2 in the left SMA (P = 0.029) and right SMA (P = 0.043) significantly increased compared with baseline. However, no significant changes of mean HbO2 were found in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal lobe (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Single-session iTBS on the cerebellar vermis in healthy adults can increase the excitability of the cerebral cortex in the bilateral supplementary motor areas during balance tasks.Clinical Trial Registration: [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [ChiCTR2100048915].

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Immediate Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation of the Cerebellar Vermis on Cerebral Cortical Excitability During a Balance Task in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

Tan

Wei

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…Disposable surface Ag/AgCl electrodes (Medtronic, H124SG Covidien Kendall, United States) were located according to the recommendations of SENIAM. The tibialis anterior was specifically selected due to its significant role in postural control during whole-body movement ( Lepers and Brenière, 1995 ; Le Pellec and Maton, 2000 ; Aloraini et al, 2019 ) and fencing lunge execution ( Borysiuk et al, 2014 ). The signal post-processing included band-pass filtration (10–500 Hz).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Aspects of Feedforward Control During a Fencing Lunge: Early and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments

Akbaş¹,

Marszałek²,

Bacik³

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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The present study investigated whether expertise in fencing influences the onset of postural preparation during the fencing lunge and how it changes under different performance conditions. We also questioned if the onset of feedforward control can be categorized into one of the postural phases: anticipatory or early postural adjustment. Eight elite fencers and nine physical education students performed an attack with a lunge in self-paced and reaction time conditions from three different initial stance widths. The onset of the center of pressure (COP) displacement and EMG activities for the tibialis anterior (TA) of both limbs were recorded. The results show that expertise in fencing delays the onset of the activity of TA of the front leg and the onset of COP displacement during fencing lunge performance in comparison to controls. Additionally, in contrast to the control group, fencers produce typical APA patterns in the activation of TA under different performance conditions, delayed reaction time in comparison to self-initiated lunging, and constant time of APA onset under different widths of stance. According to different times and functions of TA activity and COP displacement in lunging, we propose to address them as anticipatory postural adjustment and early postural adjustment, respectively.

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“…It is noted that previous studies used a within-subject design and did not have error limits. For example, Aloraini et al (2019) utilized a self-paced discrete Fitts task with no error restriction. Raisbeck et al (2020) and Yamada et al (2021) used a reciprocal tapping task, but these participants were required to move at a specific speed with no error restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have found an external focus beneficial for both simple tasks, such as elbow flexion (Marchant et al, 2009) and key typing (Rossettini et al, 2017), and for complex tasks, such as dart throwing (Hitchcock & Sherwood, 2018), shotput (Makaruk et al, 2013), long jump (Porter et al, 2010), and boxing punching (Halperin et al, 2017). Moreover, recent studies that directly examined the effect of task difficulty and attentional focus found an external focus to be beneficial in both easier and more difficult conditions (Aloraini et al, 2019; Raisbeck et al, 2020; Yamada et al, 2021). Thus, the influence of task difficulty on attentional focus is worthy of further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice—Not Task Difficulty—Mediated the Focus of Attention Effect on a Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff Task

et al. 2022

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External focus (attention to the movement effect) has been found effective in motor performance and learning. However, while some investigators have suggested that the effect of attentional focus varies with task difficulty, others reported external focus benefits regardless of difficulty. We hypothesized that attentional focus effects would vary with practice, due to changes in the individual’s processing efficiency. We had three 20-person participant groups (external focus instructions, internal focus instructions, control) practice three difficulty levels of a Fitts reciprocal tapping task over two days. Participants in the external/internal focus groups were instructed to “mentally focus on moving the pen/your hand as fast and accurately as possible,” while control participants were instructed to “mentally focus only on doing your best to achieve the task goal.” We then analyzed the effect of attentional focus by task difficulty at the initial performance (the beginning of the practice) and after learning (the retention/transfer phase), using movement time (MT) and number of error taps (Err) as performance measures. The internal focus group made more errors than the control group only at the retention/transfer phase. We found no error differences between the external and internal focus groups, and there were no MT differences between any groups. Our primary hypothesis about the differential effect of attentional focus by practice was supported. The attentional focus effect on Err differed in the retention/transfer phase from the immediate phase, suggesting that practice mediated the attentional focus effect. We discuss how information theory may supplement understanding of attentional focus interventions in motor skill acquisition.

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Anticipatory postural adjustments during a Fitts’ task: Comparing young versus older adults and the effects of different foci of attention

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

The Immediate Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation of the Cerebellar Vermis on Cerebral Cortical Excitability During a Balance Task in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

The Immediate Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation of the Cerebellar Vermis on Cerebral Cortical Excitability During a Balance Task in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Study

Two Aspects of Feedforward Control During a Fencing Lunge: Early and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments

Practice—Not Task Difficulty—Mediated the Focus of Attention Effect on a Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff Task

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