Anticholinesterase-induced epileptiform activity in immature rat piriform cortex slices, in vitro

Aitchison, Eleanor; Weston, Samantha E.; Constanti, Andrew; Whalley, Benjamin J.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.02.060

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, whilst the above result may represent a greater propensity for postsynaptic mAChR modulation of excitability in immature cultures [37] further study using single cell recording and/or spike sorting approaches would be required to fully elucidate the importance of this finding. Overall, these data not only confirm the presence of functional mAChRs capable of significant modulation of neuronal excitability consistent with that previously characterised in in vitro and in vivo CNS preparations [37,38,52] but also reveal interesting developmental changes to such responsiveness.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This study has demonstrated, for the first time, the presence of significant, culture age-dependent, endogenous cholinergic tone in cortical cultures of embryonic origin that orchestrates a neuromodulatory role largely consistent with that reported in intact cortical networks in vitro [37,38,40,52-54] and in vivo [55]. This finding adds credence to the previously identified conservation of underlying cellular and network mechanisms in such preparations [1,56] despite the absence of behaviourally relevant, environmental and genetic regulation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…It is also worth noting that acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is expressed in primary cortical cultures [76,77]; a comparison of the effects of atropine and MEC described above, with those of an AChE inhibitor such as neostigmine would also be worthwhile ( c.f. [38]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…glutamate [33,34] or acetylcholine (ACh) [35]). In this regard, central muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation causes in vivo seizure activity [36] and in vitro epileptiform activity in acute brain slices [37,38]; neuronal firing can be either increased or ablated by pharmacological manipulation of muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR)-mediated postsynaptic increases in excitability and presynaptic inhibition of neurotransmitter release respectively [39,40]. In addition to modulating seizure-related excitability, mAChRs mediate a broad functional role in vivo, modulating plasticity, information flow, network communication and plateau potential generation [41] together with central pre- and postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) also influencing neuronal firing and transmitter release to modulate higher order functions in learning and memory [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endogenous cholinergic tone modulates spontaneous network level neuronal activity in primary cortical cultures grown on multi-electrode arrays

et al. 2013

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BackgroundCortical cultures grown long-term on multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are frequently and extensively used as models of cortical networks in studies of neuronal firing activity, neuropharmacology, toxicology and mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity. However, in contrast to the predominantly asynchronous neuronal firing activity exhibited by intact cortex, electrophysiological activity of mature cortical cultures is dominated by spontaneous epileptiform-like global burst events which hinders their effective use in network-level studies, particularly for neurally-controlled animat (‘artificial animal’) applications. Thus, the identification of culture features that can be exploited to produce neuronal activity more representative of that seen in vivo could increase the utility and relevance of studies that employ these preparations. Acetylcholine has a recognised neuromodulatory role affecting excitability, rhythmicity, plasticity and information flow in vivo although its endogenous production by cortical cultures and subsequent functional influence upon neuronal excitability remains unknown.ResultsConsequently, using MEA electrophysiological recording supported by immunohistochemical and RT-qPCR methods, we demonstrate for the first time, the presence of intrinsic cholinergic neurons and significant, endogenous cholinergic tone in cortical cultures with a characterisation of the muscarinic and nicotinic components that underlie modulation of spontaneous neuronal activity. We found that tonic muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) activation affects global excitability and burst event regularity in a culture age-dependent manner whilst, in contrast, tonic nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) activation can modulate burst duration and the proportion of spikes occurring within bursts in a spatio-temporal fashion.ConclusionsWe suggest that the presence of significant endogenous cholinergic tone in cortical cultures and the comparability of its modulatory effects to those seen in intact brain tissues support emerging, exploitable commonalities between in vivo and in vitro preparations. We conclude that experimental manipulation of endogenous cholinergic tone could offer a novel opportunity to improve the use of cortical cultures for studies of network-level mechanisms in a manner that remains largely consistent with its functional role.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endogenous cholinergic tone modulates spontaneous network level neuronal activity in primary cortical cultures grown on multi-electrode arrays

et al. 2013

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“…In biosensors system, the control of neural activity is mainly using electrical stimulation (Hottowy et al , 2012; Napoli and Obeid, 2015; Stett et al , 2000; van Bergen et al , 2003) or drug stimulation (Aitchison et al , 2010; Fatoyinbo et al , 2011; Ling et al , 2010; Schonecker et al , 2014). But electrical stimulation causes substantial stimulation artifacts that significantly limit the ability to record the neuronal responses to the stimulation.…”

Section: Future Trends Of Olfactory Cell-based Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of olfactory cell-based sensors: coupling microelectronics to olfactory cells

Qin

Chen

et al. 2016

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Purpose Olfaction plays a very important role in daily life. The olfactory system has the ability to recognize, discriminate and identify thousands of odorant compounds with extremely high sensitivity and specificity. The research on olfactory system has very important values in exploring the mechanisms of information processing in the other sensory nervous systems and brain. Recently, with the development of molecular biological and microelectronics technology research, the study of olfactory cell-based sensors has made great progress. The purpose of this paper is to provide details of recent developments in olfactory cell-based sensors. Design/methodology/approach Following an introduction, this paper first discusses some olfactory cell-based biosensors, which focus on the light-addressable potentiometric sensors and the microelectrode arrays. Second, surface modification, microfabrication and microfluidic technology which can improve the efficiency of cell immobilization will be summarized. The research trends of olfactory cell-based sensor in future will be proposed. Findings This paper shows that the biosensors’ performance is expected to be greatly improved due to the fast development of nanotechnology, optical technology and microelectronics. More and more emerging intelligent olfactory sensors will have a promising prospect in many application fields, including food quality and safety assessment, environmental monitor and human diseases detection. Originality/value This paper provides a detailed and timely review of the rapidly growing research in the olfactory cell-based sensors.

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Understanding the role of the piriform cortex in epilepsy

Robertson¹

2019

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Anticholinesterase-induced epileptiform activity in immature rat piriform cortex slices, in vitro

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Endogenous cholinergic tone modulates spontaneous network level neuronal activity in primary cortical cultures grown on multi-electrode arrays

Endogenous cholinergic tone modulates spontaneous network level neuronal activity in primary cortical cultures grown on multi-electrode arrays

A review of olfactory cell-based sensors: coupling microelectronics to olfactory cells

Understanding the role of the piriform cortex in epilepsy

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