Anticholesterol Activity of Anacardium occidentale Linn. Does it Involve in Reverse Cholesterol Transport?

Hasan, Mohammad Khatim; Kamarazaman, Ihsan Safwan; Arapoc, Daryl Jesus; Taza, Nur Zalikha Mohd; Amom, Zulkhairi; Ali, Rasadah Mat; Arshad, Mohammad; Shah, Zamree Md; Kadir, Khairul Kamilah Abdul

doi:10.17576/jsm-2015-4410-16

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This RCT is directed by a few proteins and enzymes such as Apo A-I, LCAT, SR-B1, HL, and LDL receptor (LDLR) [64]. As can be seen in Table 2, leaves extract of Anacardium occidentale reported elicits elevating the concentration of molecules that contribute in RCT pathway including Apo A-1, LCAT, SRB-1 ABCA-1, and HL [21]. Apo A-I is essential for nascent HDL formation, while high secretion of Apo A-1 is desired to increase the RCT.…”

Section: Leavesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Leaves An in-cell western assay using Hep G2 cell line ↑the concentration of Apo A-1, LCAT, SR-B1, ABCA1 and HL involve in reverse cholesterol transport process to reduce cholesterol metabolism in Hep G2 cell (Hasan et al, 2015) [21]…”

Section: Anacardium Occidentale Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen species of the Anacardiaceae family were selected to be reviewed for their pharmacological effects on controlling the lipid profile of dyslipidemia. Those species are Anacardium occidentale [17][18][19][20][21], Buchanania lanzan Spreng [22], Lennea edulis [23], Mangifera indica [24][25][26][27][28], Pistacia atlantica [29], Pistacia khinjuk [30], Pistacia lentiscus [31][32][33], Pleiogynium timorense [34], Protorhus longifolia [35], Rhus coriaria [36][37][38][39][40], Rhus mysurensis Heyne [41], Rhus verniciflua [42], Schinus terebinthifolius [43], Semecarpus anacardium [44,45], and Spondias pinnata [46,47]. As those species are varied, their substances are different, leading to their variety of pharmacological effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the pharmacological effects of Anacardiaceae family on controlling lipid profile (dyslipidemia)

Fu’adah¹,

Wilar²,

Sumiwi³

2021

J Adv Pharm Educ Res

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Section: Leavesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Anacardium Occidentale Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the pharmacological effects of Anacardiaceae family on controlling lipid profile (dyslipidemia)

Fu’adah¹,

Wilar²,

Sumiwi³

2021

J Adv Pharm Educ Res

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“…Penurunan kolesterol selama ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan obat golongan stantin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa obat ini dapat menyebabkan banyak efek samping termasuk kerusakan otot dan ginjal (Hasan et al, 2015) sehingga perlu dilakukan pencarian obat antikolesterol yang aman. Salah satu senyawa kimia yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol adalah asam sinamat dan turunannya (Peperidou et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Variasi Konsentrasi Asam Borat pada Reaksi Amidasi Asam Sinamat dan Potensinya Sebagai Antikolesterol

Hanhadyanaputri¹,

Purwaningsih²,

Indriyanti³

2022

JIS

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Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui reaksi amidasi asam sinamat dengan N, N-dietil amina menggunakan katalisator asam borat dan mengetahui aktivitas antikolesterol dari produk senyawa hasil amidasi. Reaksi amidasi asam sinamat dengan N, N-dietil amina menggunakan variasi konsentrasi (% mol) asam borat sebagai katalis yaitu 5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25%. Hasil reaksi amidasi dikarakteristik menggunakan FT-IR, 1H-NMR dan 13C-NMR. Aktivitas antikolesterol dianalisis menggunakan metode Liebermann-Burchard. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk amidasi asam sinamat yaitu 20,47%, 22,99%; 23,37%; 26,77% dan 30,28% untuk variasi mol asam borat secara berturut-turut 5%, 10, 15, 20 dan 25%. Hasil karakterisasi dengan FT-IR, 1H-NMR dan 13C-NMR menunjukkan bahwa produk hasil amidasi berupa senyawa N, N-dietil sinamamida. Senyawa hasil amidasi mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol sebesar 5,24%; 27,18% dan 13,22% dengan konsentrasi senyawa berturut-turut sebesar 50, 100, dan 150 ppm. Semakin besar persen mol katalisator asam borat yang digunakan, semakin besar senyawa hasil amidasi yang diperoleh. Produk hasil amidasi yang diperoleh yaitu senyawa N, N-dietil sinamamida yang berpotensi sebagai antikolesterol dengan aktivitas optimum pada konsentrasi 100 ppm. Kata kunci: Amidasi; antikolesterol; asam borat; asam sinamat; sinamamida Mole Variation of Concentration Boric Acid in The Amidation Reaction of Cinnamic Acid and Its Potential as Anticholesterol ABSTRACTThe aims of this study to determine the amidation reaction of cinnamic acid with N, N-diethylamine using a boric acid catalyst and to determine the anticholesterol activity of the amidation product. The amidation reaction of cinnamic acid with N, N-diethyl amine using various concentration (% mole) of boric acid as a catalyst, namely 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. The amidation reaction results were characterized using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The anticholesterol activity was analyzed using the Liebermann-Burchard method. The results showed that the amidation products of cinnamic acid were 20.47%, 22.99%; 23.37%; 26.77%, and 30.28% for variations in moles of boric acid 5%, 10, 15, 20, and 25%, respectively. The results of characterization using FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR showed that the amidation product was N, N-diethyl cinnamamide. The compound resulting from the amidation was able to reduce cholesterol levels by 5.24%; 27.18%, and 13.22% with compound concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 ppm, respectively. The greater the mole percent of boric acid catalyst used, the greater the amidation product obtained. The amidation product formed is N, N-diethyl cinnamamide which has the potential as an anticholesterol with optimum activity at a concentration of 100 ppm.Keywords: Amidation; anticholesterol; boric acid; cinnamic acid; cinnamamide

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“…The uses of Hep G2 in this study is due to its ability to retain normal cholesterol metabolism, that is, normal hepatocytes cell (Hasan et al, 2015;Dashti, 1992;Yanagita et al, 1994) and its ability to express several genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis including LDLR, HMGR, Apo A1, LCAT, and SRB1. Hep G2 cell line was reported to synthesize cellular triglycerides and cholesterol and has been widely used on cholesterol synthesis and metabolism study (Funatsu et al, 2001;Scharnagl et al, 2001).…”

Section: Cytotoxicity Screening Of Tcaementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tinospora crispa aqueous extract in regulating cholesterol metabolism in human hepatoma cancer cell line (Hep G2)

Shah¹,

Hasan²,

Arshad³

et al. 2017

J. Med. Plants Res.

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In this study, the ability of Tinospora crispa aqueous extract (TCAE) to regulate cholesterol metabolism in human hepatoma cancer cell line (Hep G2) was determined. Cytotoxic study was performed by exposing hepatoma cell (Hep G2) towards TCAE with concentration ranging from 0.002 to 20 mg/ml for 24 h at 37°C and with 5% CO 2 atmosphere. Result revealed that TCAE was not toxic to the cell. The ability of TCAE to reduce cholesterol in cell culture experiment was carried out by pre-treating Hep G2 with selected concentrations of TCAE (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 mg/ml) in 6-well plate before the cell was exposed to low density lipoprotein (LDL). The concentration of apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor B1 (SRB1) and hepatic Lipase (HL) which involve in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway were determined from the 6-well plate medium. The direct pathway of cholesterol synthesis was performed according to the instruction provided in HMG-CoA Reductase Assay Kit manuals. The results showed that TCAE significantly increase (p<0.05) the concentration of Apo A1, LCAT, LDLR, SRB-1 and HL. The efficacy of these activities is appreciably good when compared with standard drug simvastatin. However, TCAE showed moderate effect in controlling mevalonate pathway. These findings suggested that TCAE has the potential to reduce cholesterol metabolism in Hep G2 cancer cell lines and the pathway of TCAE action possibly more on RCT.

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Anticholesterol Activity of Anacardium occidentale Linn. Does it Involve in Reverse Cholesterol Transport?

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

A review of the pharmacological effects of Anacardiaceae family on controlling lipid profile (dyslipidemia)

A review of the pharmacological effects of Anacardiaceae family on controlling lipid profile (dyslipidemia)

Variasi Konsentrasi Asam Borat pada Reaksi Amidasi Asam Sinamat dan Potensinya Sebagai Antikolesterol

Effects of Tinospora crispa aqueous extract in regulating cholesterol metabolism in human hepatoma cancer cell line (Hep G2)

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