Anticariogenic and Mechanical Characteristics of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement Containing Lignin-Decorated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize and characterize lignin-decorated zinc oxide nanoparticles before incorporating them into resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to improve their anticariogenic potential and mechanical properties (shear bond strength and microhardness). Probe sonication was used to synthesize lignin-decorated zinc oxide nanoparticles which were then characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Following characterization, these were incorporated in RMGIC (Gold label, Fuji II LC). Three major groups, experimental group A (EGA), experimental group B (EGB), and control group (CG), were outlined. EGA and EGB were divided into numbered subgroups based on the ascending concentrations of nanoparticles (5, 10, and 15%) of lignin-coated zinc oxide and zinc-oxide, respectively. CG served as a control and comprised cured RMGIC samples without any incorporation. Anticariogenic analysis was conducted on experimental RMGIC samples via disk-diffusion (n = 3) and direct contact test (n = 3) against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). Optical density values for days 1, 3, and 5 were recorded via a UV− Vis spectrophotometer. A shear bond strength test was performed using 35 premolars. The adhesive remnant index was used to estimate the site of bond failure. For the Vickers microhardness test (n = 3), 100 g of load at 10 s dwell time was set. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was performed over 28 days to determine the release of zinc from the samples. All tests were analyzed statistically. The anticariogenic potential of EGA and EGB was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05) than that of the control. The shear bond strength test reported the highest value for EGA15 with all groups exhibiting failure at the bracket/RMGIC interface. The microhardness of EGA15 yielded the highest value (p ≤ 0.05). Release kinetics displayed a steady release with EGB15 exhibiting the highest value. The EGA and EGB samples displayed good anticariogenic potential, which was sustained for 28 days without any deleterious effect on the shear bond strength and microhardness.

Photocured Poly(Mannitol Sebacate) with Functional Methacrylic Monomer: Analysis of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties

“…MH is proportional to Youngs’ modulus regardless of the material composition [ 46 ] and corresponds to resistance against permanent indentation. An acceptable surface hardness plays an important limitation in certain applications, i.e., dental restoration [ 47 ]. As can be observed in Table 1 , the nPMS network is highly rigid but the incorporation of 5% of MTA comonomer produces a drastic softness in the system of ca.…”

Zinc Oxide-Based Nanomaterials for Microbiostatic Activities: A Review

“…The antibacterial properties of the NPs were enhanced through the the addition of several chemical groups. Some of the most commonly used modifications include coating ZnO NPs with metals/oxides [23,[140][141][142][143], organic compounds, and polymers [137,[144][145][146][147][148] (Table 5). Some advantages of polymeric NP composites for antimicrobial activity [149][150][151][152] are as follows.…”

Novel transparent lignin/epoxy resin nanocomposite film development with enhanced UV resistance performance

“…The introduction of a phaseseparated morphology has been found to contribute to toughening through diverse mechanisms. [17][18][19][20] Besides, an alternative approach for toughening the epoxy resin is to ensure the lower cross-linking density of epoxy networks in composite systems. The prime aspect for both types of procedures is the toughening of an epoxy matrix in terms of mechanical (like strength, modulus, and elongation at break %) and thermal characteristics of the composite systems.…”

“…Hence, in order to enhance the strength of epoxy resin‐based composites, various secondary phases such as thermoplastic materials, rubber, clay, carbon fiber, silica nanoparticles, zinc oxide, or graphene have been investigated for incorporation into the epoxy matrix composite system. The introduction of a phase‐separated morphology has been found to contribute to toughening through diverse mechanisms 17–20 . Besides, an alternative approach for toughening the epoxy resin is to ensure the lower cross‐linking density of epoxy networks in composite systems.…”