Anticaries activity of GERM CLEAN in Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual‐species biofilm

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the antimicrobial effects of a peptide containing novel oral spray GERM CLEAN on dual‐species biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans and to investigate whether GERM CLEAN inhibits the demineralization procedure of bovine enamel in vitro. Methods The antimicrobial effects of GERM CLEAN on dual‐species biofilm were analyzed by initial adherence rate calculation, water‐insoluble exopolysaccharides quantification, total biomass quantification, and colony‐forming units (CFUs) counting. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were applied to evaluate the impacts of GERM CLEAN on the biofilm structure. Further, the effects of GERM CLEAN on acidogenicity of dual‐species were appraised via glycolytic pH drop analysis and hydroxyapatite dissolution measurement. The percentage of Surface Microhardness Reduction (%SMHR) evaluation, Atomic Force Micrograph (AFM) examination, and Transverse Microradiography (TMR) analysis after pH cycling were used to determine whether GERM CLEAN inhibited the demineralization of bovine enamel. Results GERM CLEAN decreased the adherence rate, water‐insoluble EPS production, biofilm formation, and acidogenicity of the dual‐species. Moreover, GERM CLEAN significantly inhibited the demineralization status of bovine enamels. Conclusion This peptide containing novel oral spray GERM CLEAN has antimicrobial potential toward the dual‐species. GERM CLEAN can also impede the demineralization procedure of enamel.

The remineralization effect of GERM CLEAN on early enamel caries: An in vitro study

“…Moreover, the result of polarized light microscopy also supported this conclusion. It showed that the demineralization depth became shallower after the treatment of GERM CLEAN, which became deeper after the treatment of DDW, but GERM CLEAN was less effective than uoride, that is in accord with the recent study [20]. For the surface roughness, GERM CLEAN manifested a better effect than the previous study [20], which may be due to GERM CLEAN of 50% mass fraction was used and the shorter pH cycling time of the previous study, while this study used the stock solution of GERM CLEAN.…”

“…It showed that the demineralization depth became shallower after the treatment of GERM CLEAN, which became deeper after the treatment of DDW, but GERM CLEAN was less effective than uoride, that is in accord with the recent study [20]. For the surface roughness, GERM CLEAN manifested a better effect than the previous study [20], which may be due to GERM CLEAN of 50% mass fraction was used and the shorter pH cycling time of the previous study, while this study used the stock solution of GERM CLEAN. However, as for the lesion depth in the GC group, although it was shallower than that in the DDW group, there was no statistical difference between the two groups.…”

“…According to the manufacturer's instructions, this spray has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect, is harmless to probiotics, and can promote mucosal repair. The antimicrobial effects on Streptococcus mutans and dual-species bio lm formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans of this product were con rmed by previous studies [19,20]. Its' remineralization ability was investigated in this experiment.…”

“…However, these materials are still under pre-clinical study.GERM CLEAN is a novel oral spray, the active component of which is a new synthetic polypeptide.According to the manufacturer's instructions, this product can effectively kill a wide range of pathogenic bacteria that triggers oral mucositis and periodontitis. Recent studies have shown that GERM CLEAN has an obvious antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans and dual-species bio lm of S. mutans and Candida albicans, and can inhibit the demineralization of bovine enamel [19,20]. However, the remineralization effect of this spray is yet to be investigated.This study aims to evaluate the remineralization effect of GERM CLEAN on early enamel caries and provide an experimental basis for the application of this new product for the treatment of early enamel caries.…”

“…According to the manufacturer's instructions, this product can effectively kill a wide range of pathogenic bacteria that triggers oral mucositis and periodontitis. Recent studies have shown that GERM CLEAN has an obvious antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans and dual-species bio lm of S. mutans and Candida albicans, and can inhibit the demineralization of bovine enamel [19,20]. However, the remineralization effect of this spray is yet to be investigated.…”