Anticancer effect of Saussurea lappa extract via dual control of apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells

Abstract

To demonstrate the mechanisms of the curative effect of Saussurea lappa ethanol extract (SLE) against prostate cancer, we evaluated the effect of SLE on the induction of apoptosis and autophagy and investigated whether SLE-induced autophagy exerts a pro-survival or pro-apoptotic effect in lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) prostate cancer cells. SLE was prepared using 100% ethanol and added to LNCaP cells for 24 hours. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and cell apoptosis was evaluated by Tali assay. The expression of apoptosis-related mRNA and proteins was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. SLE treatment decreased the viability of LNCaP cells and increased Bax expression while suppressing the expression of pro-caspases-8/9/3, PARP, Bid, and Bcl-2, thereby inducing apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Cell proliferation related proteins, including p-Akt, androgen receptor, and prostate-specific antigen, were suppressed by SLE treatment. SLE also induced autophagy in LNCaP cells, and inhibition of autophagy enhanced the apoptosis induced by SLE treatment. These results suggest that SLE exerts anticancer effects through the induction of both cellular apoptosis and autophagy, and apoptotic cell death can be facilitated by blocking autophagy in SLE-treated LNCaP cells. Therefore, SLE might be a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Biogenic green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Saussurea costus biomasses for a comprehensive detection of their antimicrobial, cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and photocatalysis potentials

“…MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation and cell viability with respect metabolic reduction potential of the active cell. The effect of the prepared MgONPs on MCF-7 cell viability was examined at five different concentrations (20,40,60,80, and 100 μgmL -1 ) and time intervals (12, 24, 32, 48 and 60 h), respectively. Both the biosynthesized MgONPs induced MCF-7 cell cytotoxicity in a dose dependent manner.…”

“…In the traditional folk medicine roots of S. costus are used as an ethnomedicine to cure indigestion, analgesic, abdominal pain, anthelmintic, dyspepsia, fever, and bronchitis [18]. The extracts and isolated macromolecules of S. costus are reported to exhibit antimicrobial [19], anticancer [20], antidiabetic and antilipidemic [21], anti-hepatotoxic [22] and anti-inflammatory [23] properties. Phytochemically, it contains sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, triterpenes, lignans, and tannins as the main bioactive constituents [24].…”

“…The extracts and isolated macromolecules of S . costus are reported to exhibit antimicrobial [ 19 ], anticancer [ 20 ], anti-diabetic and antilipidemic [ 21 ], anti-hepatotoxic [ 22 ] and anti-inflammatory [ 23 ] properties. Phytochemically, it contains sesquiterpenes, alkaloids, triterpenes, lignans, and tannins as the main bioactive constituents [ 24 ].…”

Isatin inhibits the invasion of human neuroblastoma SH‑SY5Y cells, based on microarray analysis

“…In cancer cells, autophagy is triggered in response to cellular stress, such as nutrient or growth factor starvation and hypoxia (32). The occurrence of autophagy can inhibit tumor cell development in a number of tumors, such as osteosarcoma and glioblastoma (33,34). Further studies have demonstrated that autophagy is also closely related to tumor invasion and metastasis (35,36).…”

DaHuangWan targets EGF signaling to inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells

“…It is also considered as an anti-cancer herb. Recent studies have shown that the ethanol extract of Aucklandia lappa Decne has anti-cancer effect on prostate cancer, oral cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer [10][11][12]. In addition to its anti-tumor chemo-preventive effect, Costunolide also has anti-cancer activity against various cancer cells such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, and can inhibit the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells [13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”