Anticancer Activities of Citrus Peel Polymethoxyflavones Related to Angiogenesis and Others

Abstract

Citrus is a kind of common fruit and contains multiple beneficial nutrients for human beings. Flavonoids, as a class of plant secondary metabolites, exist in citrus fruits abundantly. Due to their broad range of pharmacological properties, citrus flavonoids have gained increased attention. Accumulative in vitro and in vivo studies indicate protective effects of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) against the occurrence of cancer. PMFs inhibit carcinogenesis by mechanisms like blocking the metastasis cascade, inhibition of cancer cell mobility in circulatory systems, proapoptosis, and antiangiogenesis. This review systematically summarized anticarcinogenic effect of citrus flavonoids in cancer therapy, together with the underlying important molecular mechanisms, in purpose of further exploring more effective use of citrus peel flavonoids.

The Role of Pomelo Peel Extract for Experimentally Induced Wound in Diabetic Rats

“…16 A recent study of citrus peel also exhibit a remarkable spectrum of biological activities, particularly inhibiting tumor genesis, due to the fact that peel contains high content of flavonoids. 17 Moreover, analysis on Citrus maxima peel powder showed high amounts of various phenolic compounds which include phenolic acid (caffeic acid and epicatechin) and flavonoids have antioxidant prop erties may prevent oxidative stress, fibrosis, and hepatic damage. 18 Moreover the fruit juice and peel of Citrus maxima possess both hypo glycemic and hypolipidemic properties.…”

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“…In particular, dietary flavonoids interfere with carcinogen activation, stimulate carcinogen detoxification, scavenge free radical species, control cell-cycle progression, induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, oncogene activity, angiogenesis and metastasis as well as inhibit hormones or growthfactor activity [32]. Moreover, the research has been carried out to find chemopreventive agents in Citrus fruit, Coumarins [33], Limonoids [34] and Flavonoids [35] more specifically Polymethoxy flavonones [3] had been reported to inhibit most prevailing cancer types. Furthermore, the study of structure activity relationship (SAR) of citrus flavonoids and cancer prevention was linked to the structural similarities between flavonoids and 17β-estradiol, suggesting interaction of flavonoids with estrogen receptors and also with estrogen metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 enzymesCYP1A1 and CYP1B1, which are over-expressed in variety of tumor tissues are…”

“…An alternative solution for the harmful effects of synthetic agents is the use of plant derived natural products which provide an outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics due to their cytotoxic and cancer preventive effects [2,3]. Drug discovery from medicinal plants has played an important role in the treatment of cancer and indeed, over the last half century most of the plant secondary metabolites and their derivatives have been used towards combating cancer [4][5][6].…”

Anticancer activity of key lime, Citrus aurantifolia

“…Wang et al . [76] reviewed the protective effects of polymethoxyflavones from citrus and proposed that it inhibits carcinogenesis by several pathways in the metastasis, cell mobility, proapoptosis, and angiogenesis.…”