Antibody Survey of Bovine Viral Diarrhea in Bali Cattle

Abstract

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) or malignant diarrhea in cattle is one of the animal diseases that causes economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. The biggest economic loss due to infection by Bovine Viral Diarrhea is related to reproductive and calf disorders that continue to transmit the virus to other cattle. This study aims to determine the presence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea antibodies in Bali cattle. The sample uses Bali cattle’s blood from 30 cows that are accommodated in 2 tubes that contain anti-coagulant and which do not contain anti-coagulant. After being processed to get serum, plasma and buffy coat cells, then the samples were examined using the ELISA method and presented descriptively. The results showed that there were positive suspects in Sobangan village, Badung with 8 out of 15 samples (53%) and positive suspects in the village of Payangan, Gianyar with 3 out of 15 samples (20%). Positive results are influenced by biosecurity of each type of sample farm, in Sobangan village is a large farm so biosecurity is difficult to implement and the spread of disease is faster than in Payangan village that have small farm type.

The Epidemiology and Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in Tropical Indonesian Cattle

“…However, the culture method may be prone to false-positive results, as commercial foetal bovine serum used to supplement the culture media may also be contaminated with BVDV [61]. ELISA immunoassays are a popular tool for detecting antibodies against or antigens of BVDV in Indonesian cattle [39][40][41][42][43]62,63], but, using p80 MoAb developed against a foreign strain of BVDV, only three of 12 NCP-BVDV Indonesian isolates were detectable in an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay test system [60]. This suggests that false-negative results may occur when surveys use imported p80-based immunoassays to detect BVDV [42].…”

“…Seroprevalence of BVDV in a dairy cow population in Yogyakarta, Central Java was lower, at 41.2-56.3% in the period between 2017 and 2020 [42,66]. Reported seroprevalences in beef cattle in provinces outside Java are much lower, ranging from just 0.3% (n = 108) in East Nusa Tenggara during the 1992 survey, 11.7% (n = 77) in Papua in 2017, 14.2% (n = 642) in West Nusa Tenggara in 1992, 34.8% (n = 161) in West Kalimantan in 1989 to 36.7% (n = 30) in Bali during 2020 [33,[62][63][64]. In the Livestock Embryo Center (LEC) in Bogor, West Java, the seroprevalence of BVDV in diarrheic animals reached 48.8% (n = 43) in 2019 [43].…”

“…Thus, control of BVDV may not be warranted in these populations [39][40][41]. However, in local cattle-fattening operations, BVD seroprevalences are lower, with a significant proportion of naive and susceptible individuals [33,62,63]. The local fattening farm systems should be physically separated from the imported feeder farms.…”