Antibody responses to Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula antigens

Abstract

Summary While antigens from Schistosoma schistosomula have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates, the association between antibody responses with schistosomula antigens and infection intensity at reinfection is not well known. Schistosoma mansoni ‐infected individuals were recruited from a schistosomiasis endemic area in Uganda (n = 372), treated with 40 mg/kg praziquantel ( PZQ ) and followed up at five weeks and at one year post‐treatment. Pre‐treatment and five weeks post‐treatment immunoglobulin (Ig) E, IgG1 and IgG4 levels against recombinant schistosomula antigens rSmKK 7, rSmL y6A, rSmL y6B and rSmTSP 7 were measured using ELISA . Factors associated with detectable pre‐treatment or post‐treatment antibody response against the schistosomula antigens and the association between five‐week antibody responses and one year post‐treatment reinfection intensity among antibody responders were examined. Being male was associated with higher pre‐treatment IgG1 to rSmKK 7, rSmL y6a and AWA . Five weeks post‐treatment antibody responses against schistosomula antigens were not associated with one year post‐treatment reinfection intensity among antibody responders’ antibody levels against rSmKK 7, rSmL y6B and rSmTSP 7 dropped, but increased against rSmL y6A, AWA and SEA at five weeks post‐treatment among antibody responders. S. mansoni ‐infected individuals exhibit detectable antibody responses to schistosomula antigens that are affected by treatment. These findings indicate that schistosomula antigens induce highly varied antibody responses and could have implications for vaccine development.

A first attempt at determining the antibody-specific pattern of Platynosomum fastosum crude antigen and identification of immunoreactive proteins for immunodiagnosis of feline platynosomiasis

“…To overcome this issue, antibody-based serodiagnosis to detect antigens against a specific parasite [20], or antibody subclass determination, should be further pursued since the detection of the earliest immune responses could be beneficial [21]. The relationship between parasite exposure and the development of parasite-specific antibody responses has previously been investigated, in situations such as Schistosoma mansoni infection [22] and Opisthorchis viverrini infection [23], in which IgG4 was found to be involved in the development of protective immunity and the intensity of infection.…”

Recent Advances and Methodological Considerations on Vaccine Candidates for Human Schistosomiasis

“…These findings indicate that schistosomula antigens induce highly heterogeneous antibody responses following treatment besides prior exposure as well as poly-parasitism and other co-infections. Some antigens induce an immune response and give rise to increased antibodies, while other antigens do not, and this could have implications for vaccine development (47,179). More natural infection studies are needed to elucidate the immune responses before and after PZQ administration in geographical areas where vaccine efficacy trials are planned.…”