Antibodies to mycobacteria in healthy and tuberculous badgers from two english counties

Stainsby, Karen; Mahmood, Kutub; Stanford, J. L.

doi:10.1016/0041-3879(89)90023-8

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Drewe, unpublished observations) or closely related bacteria resulting in a cross-reactive response. 23,42 Seroreactivity of badgers to antigens of environmental mycobacteria was found to be widespread in one study, 40 and it is feasible that a similar process occurs in meerkats. Antibodies to 7 antigens of the M. tuberculosiscomplex (MPB83, 38 kDa protein, ESAT-6, CFP10, MPB70, Acr1, and fusion protein CFP10/ESAT-6) were detected only in meerkats culturing positive for M. bovis (Table 1) suggesting that a serologic test examining for antibodies to only these proteins may be of higher specificity than the current test based on a wider range of antibody responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 However, the development of serologic tests for M. bovis infection with sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity to be of practical use in the field has been hampered by several factors. Delayed seroconversion, 24 cross-reactivity with environmental mycobacteria, 40 and the inherent trade-off between sensitivity and specificity in tests with moveable cutoff points 39 have all contributed to the difficulties in establishing a satisfactory serologic test for bTB. One possible solution is to test for a panel of antibodies to multiple mycobacterial proteins, some of which may be produced early in the infection in detectable amounts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accuracy of Three Diagnostic Tests for Determining Mycobacterium Bovis Infection Status in Live-Sampled Wild Meerkats (Suricata Suricatta)

Drewe¹,

Dean

Michel

et al. 2009

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Accurate diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection (bovine tuberculosis [bTB]) in live animals is notoriously problematic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of 2 new serologic tests (multiantigen print immunoassay [MAPIA] and lateral flow immunoassay rapid test [RT]) in comparison with mycobacterial culture of tracheal washes for determining M. bovis infection status in a freeranging population of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta). During a longitudinal study lasting 2.5 years, 240 individually identifiable meerkats were each sampled up to 8 times under anesthesia every 3 months. Diagnostic accuracy was determined through Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimations of sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for each diagnostic test when used independently and in parallel to classify the disease status of individual meerkats in the absence of a gold standard. Culture of tracheal washes was highly specific (0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5 0.77, 1.00) but of low sensitivity (0.36; 95% CI 5 0.24, 0.50) for diagnosing M. bovis-infected individuals. The longitudinal nature of the study with repeated sampling of the same individual animals served simultaneously to improve chances of detecting infection and increase confidence in a negative result in individual animals repeatedly testing negative. Although MAPIA and RT were individually of limited diagnostic use, interpreting the results of these 2 tests in parallel produced estimates of sensitivity (0.83; 95% CI 5 0.67, 0.93) and specificity (0.73; 95% CI 5 0.62, 0.82) high enough to usefully inform decision making when determining exposure to bTB in wild meerkats and potentially other species in which bTB poses a diagnostic challenge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Three Diagnostic Tests for Determining Mycobacterium Bovis Infection Status in Live-Sampled Wild Meerkats (Suricata Suricatta)

Drewe¹,

Dean

Michel

et al. 2009

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…Intermittent excretion of M. bovis appears to occur in many species [5], [6], [7] hence the culture of clinical samples alone can be an insensitive indicator of an animal's infectiousness. Serologically-based assays may be hampered by delayed seroconversion [8], [9] and cross-reactivity with environmental mycobacteria [10]. In comparison, assays based on the measurement of cellular responses appear to produce better results [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Accuracy and Optimal Use of Three Tests for Tuberculosis in Live Badgers

et al. 2010

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BackgroundAccurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) due to infection with Mycobacterium bovis is notoriously difficult in live animals, yet important if we are to understand the epidemiology of TB and devise effective strategies to limit its spread. Currently available tests for diagnosing TB in live Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) remain unvalidated against a reliable gold standard. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and optimal use of three tests for TB in badgers in the absence of a gold standard.Methodology/Principal FindingsA Bayesian approach was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and optimal use of mycobacterial culture, gamma-interferon assay and a commercially available serological test using multiple samples collected from 305 live wild badgers. Although no single test was judged to be sufficiently sensitive and specific to be used as a sole diagnostic method, selective combined use of the three tests allowed guidelines to be formulated that allow a diagnosis to be made for individual animals with an estimated overall accuracy of 93% (range: 75% to 97%). Employing this approach in the study population of badgers resulted in approximately 13 out of 14 animals having their true infection status correctly classified from samples collected on a single capture.Conclusions/SignificanceThis method of interpretation represents a marked improvement on the current procedure for diagnosing M. bovis infection in live badgers. The results should be of use to inform future test and intervention strategies with the aim of reducing the incidence of TB in free-living wild badger populations.

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“…There have been many studies of the epidemiological factors involved (Hayden 1995), but one aspect which has not received serious investigation is the likely impact of the local environmental mycobacteria on the susceptibility or resistance of animals to MJ'CO. bozis infection (Stainsby et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of environmental mycobacteria on a farm in south-west England

1997

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Soil, stream beds and cattle drinking troughs were sampled every 3 months over 3 years. More than 750 putative mycobacteria were isolated and grouped into more than 50 biotypes pending full identification. Samples from woodland and farmed land yielded fewer isolates per site compared with other terrains (P < 0.05). Some seasonal effects were noted but the greatest difference was between years 1 and 3. This appeared not to be due to differences in temperature, rainfall or experimental procedure, but coincided with the introduction of organic farming practices. In year 3 there was a significant increase in nitrate‐reducing slow growers, both pigmented (P≤ 0.006) and non‐pigmented strains (P≤ 0.002), and a shift in biotypes was noted. In contrast, all fast growers declined with time, as did those slow growers unable to reduce nitrate. Changing farming practice may alter the profile of environmental mycobacteria, which has important implications for the immunological priming of humans and animals.

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Antibodies to mycobacteria in healthy and tuberculous badgers from two english counties

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Accuracy of Three Diagnostic Tests for Determining Mycobacterium Bovis Infection Status in Live-Sampled Wild Meerkats (Suricata Suricatta)

Accuracy of Three Diagnostic Tests for Determining Mycobacterium Bovis Infection Status in Live-Sampled Wild Meerkats (Suricata Suricatta)

Diagnostic Accuracy and Optimal Use of Three Tests for Tuberculosis in Live Badgers

A longitudinal study of environmental mycobacteria on a farm in south-west England

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