Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 in malnourished Nigerian children.

Johnson, Austin; Ls, Salimonu; Osunkoya, B. O.

doi:10.1136/adc.56.1.45

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most frequent of them are anemia, neurologic disorders, solid tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, liver disease, and renal failure, each reported in at least 3% subjects, while HIV infection does not seem responsible for severe PHGS (Allareddy & Elangovan, 2014;Tovaru, Parlatescu, Tovaru, & Cionca, 2009). Another important element, once associated to high case-fatality ratio, is malnutrition, particularly frequent in the past and in developing countries (Adegbola et al, 1994;Hansen, 1961;Johnson, Salimonu, & Osunkoya, 1981). Poor socio-economic level is frequent in families of hospitalized children (Allareddy & Elangovan, 2014).…”

Section: Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection

Petti¹,

Lodi

2019

Oral Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herpesviridae, a family of DNA viruses, personify the pattern of viral co-divergence with their vertebrate hosts, dating back hundreds of millions of years. More specifically, across the three subfamilies (Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-herpesvirinae), there have been multitudes of within-host viral lineage duplications in which viral descendants followed the phylogenetic history of their host species. When chimpanzees and humans diverged from their common ancestor, 6 million years ago, Human Herpes Simplex virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and Chimpanzee Herpes Simplex virus (ChHV) also diverged from their common Herpes Simplex virus ancestor of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. Conversely, a zoonotic ChHV infection to human forerunners occurred 1.5 million years ago, gave birth to Human Herpes Simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2). Such temporally distinct but longer association of HSV-1 with human host explains the differences between HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections, and why HSV-2 is genetically closer to ChHV than to HSV-1 (Sehrawat, Kumar, & Rouse, 2018; Wertheim, Smith, Smith, Scheffler, & Kosakovsky Pond, 2014).HSV-1 is, therefore, a highly successful pathogen. Nearly all human beings, by the time they reach adolescence, are infected with multiple herpesviruses, HSV-1 being the principal, this family of viruses accounts for 35-40 billion human infections worldwide, making herpesviruses among the most prevalent pathogens known to exist. This long co-evolution gave HSV-1 the ability to evade host immunity using a number of strategies. These include infection of tissues with limited accessibility to immune mediators, establishment of latency which allows minimal immune recognition and numerous active immunomodulatory procedures. Immune evasion is responsible for lifelong infection. In addition, immunomodulatory activity makes the HSV-1 infected hosts either more resistant or susceptible to other disease situations, such as other infections, allergies and tumors. For example, in immunologic models of cancer progression, herpesviruses display many mechanisms of interaction with the nascent cancer cells, including enhanced immunosurveillance, tumor elimination, or maintenance of precancerous equilibrium triggered by latency-driven immune modulation. In contrast, the immunomodulatory environment triggered by herpesvirus latency promotes more rapid tumor immune evasion and enhances the development or recruitment of immunosuppressive cells into the tumor microenvironment (Sehrawat et al., 2018;Wertheim et al., 2014).

show abstract

Section: Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection

Petti¹,

Lodi

2019

Oral Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Natural History of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus

Corey

1985

The Herpesviruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in Africa: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Harfouche

Chemaitelly

Abu‐Raddad

2019

Journal of Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To assess herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in Africa. Methods: This systematic review was conducted per the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Findings were reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Research questions were addressed using random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions. Results: Forty-three overall (and 69 stratified) HSV-1 seroprevalence measures, and 18 and eight proportions of HSV-1 viral detection in genital ulcer disease (GUD) and in genital herpes, respectively, were extracted from 37 reports. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 67.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 54.7-78.5%) in children, and 96.2% (95% CI: 95.0-97.3%) in adults. Across age groups, pooled mean was 44.4% (95% CI: 29.9-59.3%) in ≤5 years-old, 85.6% (95% CI: 81.0-89.6%) in 6-15 years-old, 93.3% (95% CI: 89.2-96.6%) in 16-25 years-old, and 93.8% (95% CI: 84.6-99.4%) in > 25 years-old. Age explained 78.8% of seroprevalence variation. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.0-1.5%) in GUD, and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.0-4.0%) in genital herpes. Conclusions: HSV-1 is universally prevalent in Africa, at higher levels than other regions, with no evidence for declines in seroprevalence in recent decades. Nearly every person acquires the infection in childhood through oral-to-oral transmission, before sexual debut. Sexual oral-to-genital and genital-to-genital transmission appear very limited.

show abstract

Antibodies to Herpesvirus hominis types 1 and 2 in malnourished Nigerian children.

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection

The controversial natural history of oral herpes simplex virus type 1 infection

The Natural History of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus

Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in Africa: Systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About