Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen and Early Antigen in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Comparison Groups

Lin, Tong; Yang, Chin-Sheng; Chiou, Jwo Farn; Tu, Shih Mien; Chen, Ting Yao; Tu, Yeng Czang; Lin, Pen Jen; Kawamura, Akiyoshi; Hirayama, Takeshi

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112470

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This finding was confirmed in 1970, when anti-EBV antibodies were observed to be higher in NPC patients than in controls (61). Subsequent studies showed that NPC patients have elevated IgG and IgA antibody titers to the EBV viral capsid antigen lgA and early antigen, as well as increased IgG against the latent viral nuclear antigens 1 and 2 (EBNA-1, EBNA-2) and neutralizing antibodies against EBV-specific DNase (62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74). Moreover, these antibody titers, especially of IgA, precede tumor development by several years (75) and are correlated with tumor burden, remission, and recurrence (76)(77)(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

1,145

1,009

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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a unique and complex etiology that is not completely understood. Although NPC is rare in most populations, it is a leading form of cancer in a few well-defined populations, including natives of southern China, Southeast Asia, the Arctic, and the Middle East/North Africa. The distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of NPC worldwide suggests that both environmental factors and genetic traits contribute to its development. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NPC and to propose new avenues of research that could help illuminate the causes and ultimately the prevention of this remarkable disease. Well-established risk factors for NPC include elevated antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus, consumption of salt-preserved fish, a family history of NPC, and certain human leukocyte antigen class I genotypes. Consumption of other preserved foods, tobacco smoking, and a history of chronic respiratory tract conditions may be associated with elevated NPC risk, whereas consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and other human leukocyte antigen genotypes may be associated with decreased risk. Evidence for a causal role of various inhalants, herbal medicines, and occupational exposures is inconsistent. Other than dietary modification, no concrete preventive measures for NPC exist. Given the unresolved gaps in understanding of NPC, there is a clear need for large-scale, populationbased molecular epidemiologic studies to elucidate how environmental, viral, and genetic factors interact in both the development and the prevention of this disease. PurposeIntriguing hallmarks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) include its striking racial/ethnic and geographic variation, as well as its multifactorial etiology involving the interplay of environmental, viral, and genetic risk factors. The precise roles of these factors in the development of NPC, however, remain unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight what is understood about the epidemiology of NPC, as well as to present unresolved research questions that call for large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies of NPC to illuminate the underlying causes of this fascinating disease. Review MethodsA thorough review of the literature related to the etiology of NPC was undertaken, starting with a Medline search from 1966 onward. Additional papers, book sections, and monographs were identified through examination of reference lists. Because this review aims to present the epidemiologic evidence in a range of topic areas, rather than to calculate overall estimates of effect, formal quantitative methods were not used. All relevant papers have been cited to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence. Inclusion or exclusion criteria were not applied to individual reports, but the strength, consistency, and relevance of the findings were considered in weighing the evidence.Descriptive Epidemiology

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Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Chang

Adami

2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

1,145

1,009

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“…22 Briefly, all solutions and reagents were (PTCL). 16,17 However, the incidence of BL in Taiwan is prepared with water treated with dietholpyrocarbonate. Ten micrometer sections cut from paraffin rare.…”

Section: Greater Than 90% Of the Population In Taiwan Hasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Epstein‐Barr virus and Burkitt's lymphoma in Taiwan

Chao

Wang

Lee

1997

Cancer

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“…Several studies have investigated EBV antibodies in human serum as potential NPC biomarkers in case/control (7)(8)(9)(10) and prospective studies (11)(12)(13), including IgA antibodies against the EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA), early antigen (EA), and EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) measured via immunofluorescence assay (IFA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other EBV antigens from the roughly 100 protein-coding open reading frames and other antibody isotypes (especially IgG) have been examined less frequently.…”

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confidence: 99%

Validation of an Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Risk Stratification Signature for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Use of Multiplex Serology

et al. 2020

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Serological testing for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has recently been reinvigorated by the implementation of novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific IgA and IgG antibodies from a proteome array. Although proteome arrays are well suited for comprehensive antigen selection, they are not applicable for large-scale studies. We adapted a 13-marker EBV antigen signature for NPC risk identified by proteome arrays to multiplex serology to establish an assay for large-scale studies. Taiwanese NPC cases (n = 175) and matched controls (n = 175) were used for assay validation. Spearman’s correlation was calculated, and the diagnostic value of all multiplex markers was assessed independently using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Two refined signatures were identified using stepwise logistic regression and internally validated with 10-fold cross validation. Array and multiplex serology showed strong correlation for each individual EBV marker, as well as for a 13-marker combined model on continuous data. Two refined signatures with either four (LF2 and BGLF2 IgG, LF2 and BMRF1 IgA) or two (LF2 and BGLF2 IgG) antibodies on dichotomous data were identified as the most parsimonious set of serological markers able to distinguish NPC cases from controls with AUCs of 0.992 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.983 to 1.000) and 0.984 (95% CI, 0.971 to 0.997), respectively. Neither differed significantly from the 13-marker model (AUC, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.982 to 1.000). All models were internally validated. Multiplex serology successfully validated the original EBV proteome microarray data. Two refined signatures of four and two antibodies were capable of detecting NPC with 99.2% and 98.4% accuracy.

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Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Capsid Antigen and Early Antigen in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Comparison Groups

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

The Enigmatic Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Association between Epstein‐Barr virus and Burkitt's lymphoma in Taiwan

Validation of an Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Risk Stratification Signature for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Use of Multiplex Serology

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