Antibodies, Nanobodies, or Aptamers—Which Is Best for Deciphering the Proteomes of Non-Model Species?

Dhar, Poshmaal; Samarasinghe, Rasika M; Shigdar, Sarah

doi:10.3390/ijms21072485

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…Although nanobodies derived from camelids share only >80% homology with the V H chains in human antibodies, there is the potential for the foreign proteins to illicit an immune response from patients [ 93 , 101 , 103 ]. The immunogenicity response could be minimised through “humanisation”—replacing surface regions or variable regions (in mAbs) with human sequences [ 94 ].…”

Section: Molecular Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Targeting HER2 Breast Cancer: A Novel Approach

Mandarano

Shigdar

2021

IJMS

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Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in women globally and is the primary cause of cancer mortality in females. BC is highly heterogeneous with various phenotypic expressions. The overexpression of HER2 is responsible for 15–30% of all invasive BC and is strongly associated with malignant behaviours, poor prognosis and decline in overall survival. Molecular imaging offers advantages over conventional imaging modalities, as it provides more sensitive and specific detection of tumours, as these techniques measure the biological and physiological processes at the cellular level to visualise the disease. Early detection and diagnosis of BC is crucial to improving clinical outcomes and prognosis. While HER2-specific antibodies and nanobodies may improve the sensitivity and specificity of molecular imaging, the radioisotope conjugation process may interfere with and may compromise their binding functionalities. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of targeting biomarkers with remarkable binding specificity and affinity. Aptamers can be functionalised with radioisotopes without compromising target specificity. The attachment of different radioisotopes can determine the aptamer’s functionality in the treatment of HER2(+) BC. Several HER2 aptamers and investigations of them have been described and evaluated in this paper. We also provide recommendations for future studies with HER2 aptamers to target HER2(+) BC.

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Section: Molecular Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Targeting HER2 Breast Cancer: A Novel Approach

Mandarano

Shigdar

2021

IJMS

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“…They can be produced synthetically at a large scale, and therefore have significantly lower production costs when compared to antibodies [13]. The use of aptamers in development of TB diagnostic devices that are based on the lateral flow assay may result in the production of highly specific and sensitive TB diagnostic kits [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for the Rapid Screening of TB at the Point-of-Care

et al. 2021

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The transmission of Tuberculosis (TB) is very rapid and the burden it places on health care systems is felt globally. The effective management and prevention of this disease requires that it is detected early. Current TB diagnostic approaches, such as the culture, sputum smear, skin tuberculin, and molecular tests are time-consuming, and some are unaffordable for low-income countries. Rapid tests for disease biomarker detection are mostly based on immunological assays that use antibodies which are costly to produce, have low sensitivity and stability. Aptamers can replace antibodies in these diagnostic tests for the development of new rapid tests that are more cost effective; more stable at high temperatures and therefore have a better shelf life; do not have batch-to-batch variations, and thus more consistently bind to a specific target with similar or higher specificity and selectivity and are therefore more reliable. Advancements in TB research, in particular the application of proteomics to identify TB specific biomarkers, led to the identification of a number of biomarker proteins, that can be used to develop aptamer-based diagnostic assays able to screen individuals at the point-of-care (POC) more efficiently in resource-limited settings.

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“…Nevertheless, aptamers can undergo degradation in biological fluids and any change in the solution conditions can modify their tertiary structure, potentially affecting negatively their affinity for the target species. Compared to antibodies, aptamers may be advantageous in point of care devices (POCT) as they are stable at higher temperatures and need not to be kept cold to remain functional [10]. Their application has also expanded to the field of handheld electrochemical sensors for clinical diagnostics, food analysis, and environmental monitoring [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to antibodies, aptamers may be advantageous in point of care devices (POCT) as they are stable at higher temperatures and need not to be kept cold to remain functional [10]. Their application has also expanded to the field of handheld electrochemical sensors for clinical diagnostics, food analysis, and environmental monitoring [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%