Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for the Rapid Screening of TB at the Point-of-Care

Martin, Darius Riziki; Sibuyi, Nicole Remaliah Samantha; Dube, Phumuzile; Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun; Cloete, Ruben; Onani, Martin O.; Madiehe, Abram Madimabe; Meyer, Mervin

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11081352

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(260 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…LFAs are based on the detection of analyte/antigens in body fluids and have emerged as reliable techniques for the diagnosis of several diseases [ 89 ]. There are two types of lateral flow formats, namely, the antibody and nucleic acid-based LFAs, as shown in Figure 1 [ 90 ]. The sandwich LFAs are used to detect antigens with multiple epitopes, such as those used to detect infectious diseases.…”

Section: Nablfa For Rapid Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of the Nucleic Acid-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Breast Cancer from Circulating Biomarkers at a Point-of-Care in Low Income Countries

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current levels of breast cancer in African women have contributed to the high mortality rates among them. In South Africa, the incidence of breast cancer is also on the rise due to changes in behavioural and biological risk factors. Such low survival rates can be attributed to the late diagnosis of the disease due to a lack of access and the high costs of the current diagnostic tools. Breast cancer is asymptomatic at early stages, which is the best time to detect it and intervene to prevent high mortality rates. Proper risk assessment, campaigns, and access to adequate healthcare need to be prioritised among patients at an early stage. Early detection of breast cancer can significantly improve the survival rate of breast cancer patients, since therapeutic strategies are more effective at this stage. Early detection of breast cancer can be achieved by developing devices that are simple, sensitive, low-cost, and employed at point-of-care (POC), especially in low-income countries (LICs). Nucleic-acid-based lateral flow assays (NABLFAs) that combine molecular detection with the immunochemical visualisation principles, have recently emerged as tools for disease diagnosis, even for low biomarker concentrations. Detection of circulating genetic biomarkers in non-invasively collected biological fluids with NABLFAs presents an appealing and suitable method for POC testing in resource-limited regions and/or LICs. Diagnosis of breast cancer at an early stage will improve the survival rates of the patients. This review covers the analysis of the current state of NABLFA technologies used in developing countries to reduce the scourge of breast cancer.

show abstract

Section: Nablfa For Rapid Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Types of clinically used LFAs for detection of nucleic acids (NABLFA) and antibodies (LFIA) found in biological fluids [ 90 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Nucleic Acid-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Breast Cancer from Circulating Biomarkers at a Point-of-Care in Low Income Countries

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These tests are expensive and need to be carried out by experienced personnel in specialized facilities and with costly instrumentation. Likewise, molecular tests such as the PCR-based GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) and the TB loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) (Eiken; Tokyo, Japan) are costly, and not readily accessible to low-income countries nor suitable for PoC testing [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The blood-based immune response tuberculin skin test (TST) and the IFN-γ release assays (IGRAs) (QuantiFERON-TB Gold, Cellestis Ltd., Australia) have uncircumventable limitations such as their inability to accurately distinguish between active and latent infections [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Rapid Detection of TB ESAT-6 and CFP-10

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current study reports on the development of a rapid and cost-effective TB-antigen diagnostic test for the detection of Mycobacterium biomarkers from non-sputum-based samples. Two gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in the form of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) were developed for detection of immunodominant TB antigens, the 6 kDa early secreted antigen target EsxA (ESAT-6) and the 10 kDa culture filtrate protein EsxB (CFP-10). AuNPs were synthesized using the Turkevich method and characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The AuNP–detection probe conjugation conditions were determined by comparing the stability of 14 nm AuNPs at different pH conditions, following salt challenge. Thereafter, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antibodies were conjugated to the AuNPs and used for the colorimetric detection of TB antigens. Selection of the best detection and capture antibody pairs was determined by Dot spotting. The limits of detection (LODs) for the LFIAs were evaluated by dry testing. TEM results showed that the 14 nm AuNPs were mostly spherical and well dispersed. The ESAT-6 LFIA prototype had an LOD of 0.0625 ng/mL versus the CFP-10 with an LOD of 7.69 ng/mL. Compared to other studies in the literature, the LOD was either similar or lower, outperforming them. Moreover, in some of the previous studies, an enrichment/extraction step was required to improve on the LOD. In this study, the LFIAs produced results within 15 min and could be suitable for use at PoCs either in clinics, mobile clinics, hospitals or at home by the end user. However, further studies need to be conducted to validate their use in clinical samples.

show abstract

“…There have been fewer reports of biomarker indicators assayed as proteins for TB, but some studies have been conducted using saliva, serum and plasma samples (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Protein biomarkers are predicted to be most useful target for simple, fast and cost-effective 'point of care' tests (35) required to improve diagnosis rates in resource-limited settings (36,37). The upfront work required to develop protein assay reagents is significantly more laborious and time consuming than for nucleic acid targets (24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Host Protein Biomarkers by ELISA From Whole Lysed Peripheral Blood for Development of Diagnostic Tests for Active Tuberculosis

Garlant¹,

Kalaiarasan

Hewitt³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health crisis and the number one cause of death for an infectious disease. The health consequences in high-burden countries are significant. Barriers to TB control and eradication are in part caused by difficulties in diagnosis. Improvements in diagnosis are required for organisations like the World Health Organisation (WHO) to meet their ambitious target of reducing the incidence of TB by 50% by the year 2025, which has become hard to reach due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Development of new tests for TB are key priorities of the WHO, as defined in their 2014 report for target product profiles (TPPs). Rapid triage and biomarker-based confirmatory tests would greatly enhance the diagnostic capability for identifying and diagnosing TB-infected individuals. Protein-based test methods e.g. lateral flow devices (LFDs) have a significant advantage over other technologies with regard to assay turnaround time (minutes as opposed to hours) field-ability, ease of use by relatively untrained staff and without the need for supporting laboratory infrastructure. Here we evaluate the diagnostic performance of nine biomarkers from our previously published biomarker qPCR validation study; CALCOCO2, CD274, CD52, GBP1, IFIT3, IFITM3, SAMD9L, SNX10 and TMEM49, as protein targets assayed by ELISA. This preliminary evaluation study was conducted to quantify the level of biomarker protein expression across latent, extra-pulmonary or pulmonary TB groups and negative controls, collected across the UK and India, in whole lysed blood samples (WLB). We also investigated associative correlations between the biomarkers and assessed their suitability for ongoing diagnostic test development, using receiver operating characteristic/area under the curve (ROC) analyses, singly and in panel combinations. The top performing single biomarkers for pulmonary TB versus controls were CALCOCO2, SAMD9L, GBP1, IFITM3, IFIT3 and SNX10. TMEM49 was also significantly differentially expressed but downregulated in TB groups. CD52 expression was not highly differentially expressed across most of the groups but may provide additional patient stratification information and some limited use for incipient latent TB infection. These show therefore great potential for diagnostic test development either in minimal configuration panels for rapid triage or more complex formulations to capture the diversity of disease presentations.

show abstract

Aptamer-Based Diagnostic Systems for the Rapid Screening of TB at the Point-of-Care

Cited by 12 publications

References 194 publications

A Review of the Nucleic Acid-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Breast Cancer from Circulating Biomarkers at a Point-of-Care in Low Income Countries

A Review of the Nucleic Acid-Based Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Breast Cancer from Circulating Biomarkers at a Point-of-Care in Low Income Countries

Development of Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Rapid Detection of TB ESAT-6 and CFP-10

Evaluation of Host Protein Biomarkers by ELISA From Whole Lysed Peripheral Blood for Development of Diagnostic Tests for Active Tuberculosis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About