Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida in Snow Geese in the Western Arctic

Samuel, Michael D.; Shadduck, Daniel J.; Goldberg, Diana R.; Baranyuk, Vasily V.; Sileo, L.; Price, Jessie I.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-35.3.440

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Serological investigations have proven effective for detecting recent infections, and vaccination studies suggest that at least short‐term immunity is likely for surviving individuals (Samuel et al . ; Samuel et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute infections can result in bird death within 6-12 h of exposure, although 24-48 h is a more common timeframe (Friend 1999). Serological investigations have proven effective for detecting recent infections, and vaccination studies suggest that at least short-term immunity is likely for surviving individuals (Samuel et al 1999;Samuel et al 2005).…”

Section: Disease Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Injecting epidemiology into population viability analysis: avian cholera transmission dynamics at an arctic seabird colony

Iverson

Gilchrist²,

Soos

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Infectious diseases have the potential to spread rapidly and cause high mortality within populations of immunologically naïve hosts. The recent appearance of avian cholera, a highly virulent disease of birds caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, at remote Arctic seabird colonies is an emerging conservation concern. Determining disease risk to population viability requires a quantitative understanding of transmission potential and the factors that regulate epidemic persistence. Estimates of the basic (R ) and real-time (R ) reproductive number are critical in this regard - enumerating the number of secondary infections caused by each primary infection in a newly invaded host population and the decline in transmission rate as susceptible individuals are removed via mortality or immunized recovery. Here, we use data collected at a closely monitored common eider (Somateria mollissima) breeding colony located in the Canadian Arctic to examine transmission and host population dynamics. Specifically, we infer epidemic curves from daily mortality observations and use a likelihood-based procedure to estimate changes in the reproductive number over a series of annual outbreaks. These data are interpreted in relation to concurrent changes in host numbers to assess local extinction risk. Consistent with expectations for a novel pathogen invasion, case incidence increased exponentially during the initial wave of exposure (R = 2·5; generation time = 6·5 days ± 1·1 SD). Disease conditions gradually abated, but only after several years of smouldering infection (R ≈ 1). In total, 6194 eider deaths were recorded during outbreaks spanning eight consecutive breeding seasons. Breeding pair abundance declined by 56% from the pre-outbreak peak; however, a robust population of >4000 pairs remained intact upon epidemic fade-out. Overall, outbreak patterns were consistent with herd immunity acting as a mitigating factor governing in the extent and duration of mortality. Disease mortality is frequently modelled as a form of stochastic catastrophe in wildlife population assessments, whereas our approach gives shape to the functional response between transmission and host population dynamics. We conclude that increased emphasis on integrating epidemiological and population processes is essential to predicting the conservation impact of emerging infectious diseases in wildlife.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Disease Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Injecting epidemiology into population viability analysis: avian cholera transmission dynamics at an arctic seabird colony

Iverson

Gilchrist²,

Soos

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Ecology

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“…) such as influenza A viruses and Pasteurella bacteria (Samuel et al . ). Rather than providing a single snapshot of seroprevalence, the quantitative antibody approach infers transmission dynamics throughout the nesting, hatching, and early raising of young phases of the breeding season, demonstrating how quantitative antibody approaches can be applied to advance our understanding of breeding‐season transmission dynamics.…”

Section: Application To Influenza a In Snow Geesementioning

confidence: 97%

Inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales

et al. 2017

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Our ability to infer unobservable disease-dynamic processes such as force of infection (infection hazard for susceptible hosts) has transformed our understanding of disease transmission mechanisms and capacity to predict disease dynamics. Conventional methods for inferring FOI estimate a time-averaged value and are based on population-level processes. Because many pathogens exhibit epidemic cycling and FOI is the result of processes acting across the scales of individuals and populations, a flexible framework that extends to epidemic dynamics and links within-host processes to FOI is needed. Specifically, within-host antibody kinetics in wildlife hosts can be short-lived and produce patterns that are repeatable across individuals, suggesting individual-level antibody concentrations could be used to infer time since infection and hence FOI. Using simulations and case studies (influenza A in lesser snow geese and Yersinia pestis in coyotes), we argue that with careful experimental and surveillance design, the population-level FOI signal can be recovered from individual-level antibody kinetics, despite substantial individual-level variation. In addition to improving inference, the cross-scale quantitative antibody approach we describe can reveal insights into drivers of individual-based variation in disease response, and the role of poorly understood processes such as secondary infections, in population-level dynamics of disease.

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“…We obtained blood samples ( 5 mL) from adult and gosling Lesser Snow Geese by jugular venipuncture (see Samuel et al 1999a for details). Serum collection and other banding procedures were approved by the U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Animal Care and Use Committee.…”

Section: Serum and Swab Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of avian influenza in Lesser Snow Geese: implications for annual and migratory infection patterns

Samuel

Hall

Brown

et al. 2015

Ecological Applications

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Wild water birds are the natural reservoir for low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIV). However, our ability to investigate the epizootiology of AIV in these migratory populations is challenging and, despite intensive worldwide surveillance, remains poorly understood. We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective analysis in Pacific Flyway Lesser Snow Geese, Chen caerulescens, to investigate AIV serology and infection patterns. We collected nearly 3000 sera samples from Snow Geese at two breeding colonies in Russia and Canada during 1993-1996 and swab samples from >4000 birds at wintering and migration areas in the United States during 2006-2011. We found seroprevalence and annual seroconversion varied considerably among years. Seroconversion and infection rates also differed between Snow Goose breeding colonies and wintering areas, suggesting that AIV exposure in this gregarious waterfowl species is likely occurring during several phases (migration, wintering, and potentially breeding areas) of the annual cycle. We estimated AIV antibody persistence was longer (14 months) in female geese compared to males (6 months). This relatively long period of AIV antibody persistence suggests that subtype-specific serology may be an effective tool for detection of exposure to subtypes associated with highly pathogenic AIV. Our study provides further evidence of high seroprevalence in Arctic goose populations, and estimates of annual AIV seroconversion and antibody persistence for North American waterfowl. We suggest future AIV studies include serology to help elucidate the epizootiological dynamics of AIV in wild bird populations.

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Antibodies Against Pasteurella Multocida in Snow Geese in the Western Arctic

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Injecting epidemiology into population viability analysis: avian cholera transmission dynamics at an arctic seabird colony

Injecting epidemiology into population viability analysis: avian cholera transmission dynamics at an arctic seabird colony

Inferring infection hazard in wildlife populations by linking data across individual and population scales

The dynamics of avian influenza in Lesser Snow Geese: implications for annual and migratory infection patterns

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