Antibiotics Resistance and Plasmid Profile of Staphylococcus aureus from Wound Swabs in Port Harcourt Nigeria

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus are organisms that have been detected as the major pathogens in hospital and community settings that are responsible for infections and their resistance to commonly used antibiotics has become worldwide concern. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the presence of drug resistant organisms. A total of 100 wound swabs were obtained from two tertiary hospitals in Port Harcourt, Nigeria and screened for S. aureus. This was done by streaking the swab sticks on sterile mannitol salt agar plates, positive growths were identified using conventional methods based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. Identified S. aureus was subjected to antibiotics susceptibility test using Kirby Bauer disc method. Plasmid profiling was also carried out on 30 randomly selected S. aureus using gel electrophoresis. Out of the 100 wound swabs examined, ninety-two were positive for S. aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that S. aureus was 100% resistant to caftaxidim, ceftriazone, ofloxacin and ceptazdime. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to ofloxacin and gentamicin (88%), erythromycin (84%) and augumentin (82%). Plasmid profile result for S. aureus revealed single plasmid sizes of 2027, 2322 4361 and 23130 bp, respectively while double plasmid size was observed in one isolate. The determination of antibiotic sensitivity pattern and plasmid profiling of S. aureus isolated from wound will assist in the preliminary treatment of wound infections.

Microbiological pollutants in air and antibiotic resistance profile of some bacterial isolates

“…One hundred percent susceptibility of S. aureus isolates to vancomycin was also reported by Akpaka et al (2006). Our result is also in agreement with previous studies where erythromycin and gentamicin were found highly effective against S. aureus (Agbagwa and Jirigwa;2015, Akpaka et al 2006Ako-Nai et al, 2005). The present study revealed that the indoor and outdoor air of the different sampling sites of JU campus was highly contaminated with bacteria and fungi during the study period.…”

“…Among the isolates, 87.5% exhibited resistance to ceftazidime; 50% to penicillin G; 31.25 % to cefotaxime; 25 % to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cloxacillin; and 18.75% to amoxicillin (Fig 2). Agbagwa and Jirigwa (2015) also reported high level (100%) of resistance by S. aureus isolates to ceftazidime. In the present study, all of the S. aureus isolates (100%) showed susceptibility to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, nitrofurantoin and vancomycin.…”

Typification Methods and Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus with Methicillin Resistance

“…Agbagwa and Jirigwa determined the antibiotic-resistant pattern and plasmid profile of S. aureus obtained from wound swabs and found similar antibiotic resistance pattern, while different plasmid sizes was observed in the isolates [45]. Jaran also found no direct correlation between the patterns of antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiles in clinical isolates of S. aureus in hospitals of Saudi Arabia [46].…”

“…Also, certain genes are contained in transposons that can be readily acquired or deleted. Some isolates may lack plasmids and will not be typeable by this method [44,45].…”

“…This is probably a result of the smaller size of SCCmec type IV compared with other SCCmec types, which may facilitate transfer of the cassette among staphylococcal species [98]. Furthermore, it has been shown that MRSA strains that belong to the major CCs (1,5,8,22,30,45) are easier to transform with mecA-expressing plasmids tan are strains belonging to minor CCs. This indicates that the genetic background of S. aureus may be important for the stability of SCCmec [4,91].…”