Microbiological quality assessment is one of the most important investigations to determine the pollution of indoor and outdoor air. To evaluate the microbial load in air, samples were collected from 3 different outdoor and 3 different indoor sites within Jahangirnagar University campus. In outdoor air, bacterial and fungal counts varied from 117 -7284 CFU/m 3 and 88 -5287 CFU/m 3 , respectively. On the other hand, in indoor air bacterial and fungal counts varied from 440 -6226 CFU/m 3 and 88 -5874 CFU/m 3 , respectively. Furthermore, to reveal the antibiotic resistance profile, Staphylococcus aureus isolates were subjected to antibiogram study against 14 antibiotics. Among the isolates, 87.5% exhibited resistance to ceftazidime; 50% to penicillin G; 31.25 % to cefotaxime; 25 % to ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cloxacillin; and 18.75% to amoxicillin. None of the isolates showed resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, imipenem, nitrofurantoin and vancomycin. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in air may cause serious health hazard to the people living in this area.
Introduction: This investigation was carried out to analyze the central nervous system (CNS) depressant effect of the plant Cleome rutidosperma extract, after it was found to have been used by the local people in the Philippine for that purpose. Methods: In this study presented below, the CNS depressant effects of the extract was evaluated in in vivo mice models; using the standard procedures of Open field, Hole cross and Thiopental sodium induced sleeping time tests. Results: Using two test extracts at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg/kg, it was seen that the extracts showed significant (p< 0.01) dose dependent suppression of motor activity in both open field and hole cross test, 4.67 ± 0.68 ** and 3.00 ± 0.45 ** , respectively at 200 mg/kg. It also showed significant (p< 0.01) decrease in the time for the onset of sleep (5.00 ± 0.45 at 200 mg/ kg); and an increase in sleeping duration (70.20 ± 0.66 at 200 mg/kg), when compared with the positive control Thiopental sodium. Conclusion: Overall, the study demonstrates that the extracts used, showed promising CNS depressant effect. Further study needs to be carried out on the extract to isolate the active constituent, so that it can be assessed for therapeutic use.
Background & Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and severity of community acquired pneumonia in adults. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka over a period of 1 year. Patients admitted with the symptoms and signs suspected of pneumonia and confirmed by clinical examination and necessary investigations were the study population. The baseline characteristics, patients’ behavioural factors, presenting complaints, co-morbidities, examination findings and investigations were recorded. Data were processed and analyzed using software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences), version 11.5. The test statistics used to analyze the data were descriptive statistics. Result: In the present study, a large proportion of patients were 50 years or more than 50 years with mean age of the patients being 46.4 ± 13.3 years. A male predominance (58%) was observed in the series. Over half (56%) of the patients was smoker and 8% were alcoholic. Fever (90%) and purulent sputum (70%) were the common complaints. The second most common complaints were chest pain and haemoptysis (each of 44%). Thirty eight percent of the patients had dyspnoea and a very few had other symptoms. Eighteen percent of the patients had COPD, another 18% had diabetes and 4% had cardiac insufficiency. About one-quarter (24%) of the patients had agitation stupor, 88% bronchial breathing and 68% crackles. Right lower lobe (31%) and right middle lobe (26%) were commonly affected by pneumonia of the patients detected with a chest X-ray. Assessment of severity pneumonia by CURB-65 score shows that 83% of the patients had mild (score 0 – 1) CAP, 12% had moderate (score 2) and 5% had severe CAP (score 3 or more).Over two-thirds (68.5%) of the patients exhibited positive sputum for Gram’s stain. Conclusion: The study concluded that CAP is more likely to occur in older males with preexisting comorbidities like diabetes and COPD. Fever and purulent cough are the predominant presentation of CAP followed by chest pain and haemoptysis. Pneumonic consolidation on chest X-ray and +ve gram stain are diagnostic of CAP, while raised total count of WBC with neutrophilic leucocytosis are supportive to it. Assessing pneumonia severity by CURB-65 scoring system revealed that severe pneumonia (score 3 or more) is now a rarity. Patient evaluation should focus on severity of illness, patient age, comorbidities, clinical presentation, epidemiologic setting, and previous exposure. The majority of patients with CAP are treated empirically based on the most common pathogen(s) associated with the condition. Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 51-56
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