Antibiotics as Growth Stimulants for Dairy Cattle: A Review

Lassiter, C. A.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(55)95086-4

Cited by 62 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Moore and colleagues first recognized the relationship between streptomycin and weight gain in chick models in 1946 45 . Similar results were appreciated in 1949 in experiments where chickens fed fishmeal supplemented with cobalamin derived from the bacteria Streptomyces aureofaciens , which also produced the antibiotic streptomycin, outgrew chickens receiving fishmeal with a liver-derived B12 supplement 4,46 . Similar effects have been observed in other livestock with differing antibiotics, and the use of these agents rapidly became commonplace in the agricultural industry 4 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Similar results were appreciated in 1949 in experiments where chickens fed fishmeal supplemented with cobalamin derived from the bacteria Streptomyces aureofaciens , which also produced the antibiotic streptomycin, outgrew chickens receiving fishmeal with a liver-derived B12 supplement 4,46 . Similar effects have been observed in other livestock with differing antibiotics, and the use of these agents rapidly became commonplace in the agricultural industry 4 . Several laboratory models have demonstrated that increases in weight induced by antibiotics are mediated via the drug’s impact on the microbiome, with no effect in germ free models 2,47 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…This effect has been hypothesized to be mediated via the gut microbiome, with studies demonstrating no effect on weight gain in germ-free animals 2,3 . The impact of antibiotics on animal weight is greater if given earlier in life 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Administration of Antibiotics to Children Before Age 2 Years Increases Risk for Childhood Obesity

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background & Aims Childhood obesity is increasing and is associated with adult obesity. Antibiotics have been used to promote weight gain in livestock for several decades. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for children, but it is not clear how exposure to antibiotics early in life affects risk for obesity. We performed a population-based cohort study to assess the association between antibiotic exposure before age 2 years and obesity at age 4 years. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 21,714 children in The Health Improvement Network —a population-representative dataset of more than 10 million individuals derived from electronic medical records from 1995 through 2013 in the United Kingdom. Eligible subjects were registered within 3 months of birth with complete follow-up and height and weight were recorded within 12 months of their 4th birthday. Antibiotic exposure was assessed before age 2 years, and classified based on anti-anaerobic activity. The primary outcome was obesity at age 4 years. We performed logistic regression analyses, adjusting for maternal and sibling obesity, maternal diabetes, mode of delivery, socioeconomic status, year and country of birth, and urban dwelling. Results In the cohort, 1306 of the children (6.4%) were obese at 4 years of age. Antibiotic exposure was associated with an increased risk of obesity at 4 years (odds ratio [OR]=1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.38). Odds ratios increased with repeated exposures: for 1–2 prescriptions, OR=1.07 (95% CI, 0.91–1.23); for 3–5 prescriptions, OR=1.41 (95% CI, 1.20–1.65); for 6 or more prescriptions, OR=1.47 (95% CI, 1.19–1.82). Antifungal agents were not associated with obesity (OR=0.81; 95% CI, 0.59–1.11). Conclusions Administration of 3 or more courses of antibiotics before children reach an age of 2 years is associated with an increased risk of early childhood obesity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Administration of Antibiotics to Children Before Age 2 Years Increases Risk for Childhood Obesity

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The weight gain observed in farm animals after antibiotic treatment is a testimony to this very fact [12,13]. Further, early life exposure to antibiotics was found to have long-term effects on the gut microbiome, body composition, metabolism and predisposition to obesity as well as other age-related disorders [14][15][16][17][18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Antibiotics-Induced Obesity: A Mitochondrial Perspective

Andrade

Jayaprakash

Bhat

et al. 2017

Public Health Genomics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antibiotics are the first line of treatment against infections and have contributed immensely to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates. Recently, extensive use of antibiotics has led to alterations of the gut microbiome, predisposition to various diseases and most importantly, increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which poses a major threat to global public health. Another major issue faced worldwide due to unregulated use of antibiotics in children as well as in adults is the influence of metabolism and body weight homeostasis, leading to obesity. Apart from the involvement of biosocial causes influencing diet, physical activity, and antibiotic use, pathogenesis of obesity is linked to interconnected functional alterations in cells, tissues and organs due to biochemical, epigenetic and genetic factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one such factor, which is becoming the primary focus of various aspects of research on multifactorial complex diseases and is providing new perspectives on etiology, biomarker-based diagnosis, and drug sensitivity. Through this review, we have made an attempt to present the interplay between use of antibiotics, obesity, and associated mitochondrial dysfunction. This may provide insights into the molecular basis, genetic predisposition and environmental triggers, which in turn may have potential clinical applications in the management of antibiotic use.

show abstract

“…This was first observed in livestock, in which subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics have been widely used for accelerating weight gain since the 1950s. 6 In a few recent studies in children, it has been shown that early-life exposure to antibiotics promotes weight gain and increases the risk of obesity. [7][8][9][10][11] Although these studies provide evidence that antibiotics also promote weight gain in humans, whether this effect is dependent on specific antibiotic type or amount of exposure has been insufficiently explored.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Exposure in Infancy and Risk of Being Overweight in the First 24 Months of Life

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE: Antibiotics have direct effects on the human intestinal microbiota, particularly in infancy. Antibacterial agents promote growth in farm animals by unknown mechanisms, but little is known about their effects on human weight gain. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of antibiotic exposure during infancy on weight and height in healthy Finnish children. METHODS:The population-based cohort comprised 6114 healthy boys and 5948 healthy girls having primary care weight and height measurements and drug purchase data from birth to 24 months. BMI and height, expressed as z-scores at the median age of 24 months (interquartile range 24 to 26 months), were compared between children exposed and unexposed to antibiotics using analysis of covariance with perinatal factors as covariates.RESULTS: Exposed children were on average heavier than unexposed children (adjusted BMI-forage z-score difference in boys 0.

show abstract

Antibiotics as Growth Stimulants for Dairy Cattle: A Review

Cited by 62 publications

References 48 publications

Administration of Antibiotics to Children Before Age 2 Years Increases Risk for Childhood Obesity

Administration of Antibiotics to Children Before Age 2 Years Increases Risk for Childhood Obesity

Antibiotics-Induced Obesity: A Mitochondrial Perspective

Antibiotic Exposure in Infancy and Risk of Being Overweight in the First 24 Months of Life

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About