Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolated from Outbreaks in Indonesia 2010-2015

Sariadji, Kambang; Sunarno, Sunarno; Puspandari, Nelly; Sembiring, M.Sc. Langkah

doi:10.18585/inabj.v10i1.331

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mitis biotypes were predominant in this study, similar to several results from France, [39], Algeria, [40], Malaysia, [41], Brazil, [3], United Kingdom, [15], and previous studies in Indonesia [42, 43]. In Poland and another study in United Kingdom, the majority of the biotypes were gravis [4, 44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Several experts and guidelines consider erythromycin as a drug of choice because it has better in vitro activity than penicillin, such as in the Vietnam study (MIC range, 0.025–0.05 mg/L) [5]. However, in other studies, erythromycin was reported to have high resistance [3–5, 43], while in our study, it was still susceptible in 85.2% of the isolates (92 of 108). Although 12% (13 of 108) of the isolates had decreased susceptibility but the resistance rates were relatively low, only 2.8% (3 of 108) had MIC of 2, 192, and > 256 μg/L.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

“…The MIC standard of penicillin in CLSI 2010 is different from CLSI 2015, the newer edition. Most of these isolates were collected from the western side of Indonesia [43]. If our study used the CLSI 2010 as standard, the susceptibility rate to penicillin would be better.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patey et al, in France found 2 of 38 isolates with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin [39]. In Indonesia, Rockhill et al reported the susceptibility of all isolates to erythromycin (133 of 133); recently, Sariadji et al reported that only 5.3% (3 of 57) of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin [42, 43]. Other studies in other countries showed resistance of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin [5, 39, 52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundDiphtheria has been reported as an outbreak in some regions in Indonesia, most especially in East Java Province. Resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and other antibiotics, single or multiple, has been reported in several studies. This study aims to evaluate the first-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates.MethodsThis descriptive observational study was performed from August to November 2018. C. diphtheriae isolates were collected from diphtheria patients and carriers in East Java from 2012 to 2017 and kept at the Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Surabaya or the Public Health Laboratory of Surabaya. Sample selection was done by random cluster sampling. The sensitivity test by E-test®of the five antibiotics (penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin) was done to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M45A (2015) Corynebacterium spp. for penicillin and erythromycin was used as standard.ResultsFrom 114 targeted isolates, 108 were viable and toxigenic. The E-test was performed on the viable isolates. The majority of the hosts were male (58.3%), with median (range) age of 6.5 (1–14) years. Half of the samples were from the 1 to 5-year-old age group. The isolates were acquired much more from patients (78.7%) than carriers (21.3%) and from pharyngeal swab (74.1%). Most of these isolates were from Madura Island (47.2%) and the northern and eastern parts of the province (horseshoe area). Mitis isolates were the major variant (76.9%). The susceptibility pattern of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin was better than that to penicillin. The E-test result for penicillin was 68.52% susceptible, 31.48% intermediate, and 0% resistant (MIC range, < 0.016 to 2 μg/L) and for erythromycin (MIC range, < 0.016 to > 256 μg/L) was 85.2% susceptible, 12% intermediate, and 2.8% resistant The MIC range for oxacillin was 1 to 96 μg/L, while for both azithromycin and clarithromycin were < 0.016 to > 256 μg/L.ConclusionThe susceptibility rate of C. diphtheriae to erythromycin is higher than that to penicillin. The regular update of antibiotic selection to the national guidelines is recommended. The MIC reference standard to azithromycin and clarithromycin is also needed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…18 Engler et al (2000) in England also found that 405 of 410 isolates were sensitive, with MIC 0.026 μg/ml, and 5 others were resistant with MIC of 2-4 μ/ml. 19 Another study from Barraud et al in France using the Etest method showed the susceptibility of many antibiotics including Erythromycin against 46 isolates of Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar mitis in the period from 1993 to 2010. 20 A study in Russia by Chagina et al using the Etest method showed that of 664 isolates between 1987-2013, most of them turned out to be sensitive to all antibacterial preparation, although 0.4-0.6% were intermediate and 4-4.4% were resistant to macrolide.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Erythromycin Against Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Mutahhar

Puspitasari

2020

IJTID

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diphtheria is an acute infection disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It remains a problem in Indonesia in a recent several years especially in East Java Province, which suff ered from an outbreak of diphtheria in 2011. Erythromycin is the second line antibiotics therapy for diphteria if the patient is allergic to penicillin, also serving as a prophylactic and carrier therapy for contact diphtheria. Erythromycin has been used for diphtheria for a very long time, but there is little recent data on its sensitivity against C. diphtheriae. The purpose of this study is to identify whether Erythromycin still has a strong antibacterial activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae by invitro test. This was a descriptive study which observed the sensitivity pattern of erythromycin against Corynebacterium diphtheriae using the Epsilometer test (etest) as a diff usion technique. Samples used in this study were 30 isolates of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain mitis and gravis at the Center for Health Laboratory (BBLK) Surabaya obtained during 2011 until 2014. We retrieved the data based on gender, age, and districts of patients for each of the samples then analyzed them descriptively. In this study, a sensitivity test of 30 toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates revealed that 27 (90%) were sensitive to Erythromycin (average Minimum Inhibitory Concentration/ MIC) <0.016 μg/mL and all were strain mitis, while 3 (10%) had intermediate sensitivity with MIC 1 μg/mL (all were strain gravis). No resistance result was found from the sensitivity test. According to the result, we conclude that Erythromycin still has a strong antibacterial activity against Corynebacterium diphtheriae.Corynebacterium diphtheriae, diantaranya 27 isolat (90%) bersifat sensitif dengan rata-rata Konsentrasi Hambat Minimal (KHM) <0,016 μg/mL dan semuanya merupakan strain mitis, sementara 3 isolat (10 %) memiliki sensitivitas intermediet dengan KHM 1 μg/mL dan semuanya merupakan strain gravis. Tidak ditemukan hasil resisten dalam uji sensitivitas ini. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa eritromisin masih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang kuat terhadap Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

show abstract

Endemic erythromycin resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Vietnam in the 1990s

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diphtheria is a potentially fatal respiratory disease caused by toxigenic forms of the Gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae . Despite the availability of treatments (antitoxin and antimicrobials) and effective vaccines, the disease still occurs sporadically in low-income countries and in higher income where use of diphtheria vaccine is inconsistent. Diphtheria was highly endemic in Vietnam in the 1990s; here, we aimed to provide some historical context to the circulation of erythromycin resistant organisms in Vietnam during this period. After recovering 54 C . diphtheriae isolated from clinical cases of diphtheria in Ho Chi Minh City between 1992 and 1998 we conducted whole genome sequencing and analysis. Our data outlined substantial genetic diversity among the isolates, illustrated by seven distinct Sequence Types (STs), but punctuated by the sustained circulation of ST67 and ST209. With the exception of one isolate, all sequences contained the tox gene, which was classically located on a corynebacteriophage. All erythromycin resistant isolates, accounting for 13 % of organisms in this study, harboured a novel 18 kb erm(X)-carrying plasmid, which exhibited limited sequence homology to previously described resistance plasmids in C. diphtheriae . Our study provides historic context for the circulation of antimicrobial resistant C. diphtheriae in Vietnam; these data provide a framework for the current trajectory in global antimicrobial resistance trends.

show abstract

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Isolated from Outbreaks in Indonesia 2010-2015

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia

Sensitivity of Erythromycin Against Corynebacterium Diphtheriae

Endemic erythromycin resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Vietnam in the 1990s

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About