Antibiotic Resistance of Diverse Bacteria from Aquaculture in Borneo

Abstract

The administration of antimicrobials in aquaculture provides a selective pressure creating a reservoir of multiple resistant bacteria in the cultured fish and shrimps as well as the aquaculture environment. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture products and aquaculture's surrounding environment in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Ninety-four identified bacterial isolates constituted of 17 genera were isolated from sediment, water, and cultured organisms (fish and shrimp) in selected aquaculture farms. These isolates were tested for their antibiotic resistance against 22 antibiotics from several groups using the disk diffusion method. The results show that the highest resistance was observed towards streptomycin (85%, n = 20), while the lowest resistance was towards gentamicin (1.1%, n = 90). The multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index of the isolates tested ranged between 0 and 0.63. It was suggested that isolates with MAR index > 0.2 were recovered from sources with high risk of antibiotic resistant contamination. This study revealed low level of antibiotic resistance in the aquaculture bacterial isolates except for streptomycin and ampicillin (>50% resistance, n = 94) which have been used in the aquaculture industry for several decades. Antibiotic resistant patterns should be continuously monitored to predict the emergence and widespread of MAR. Effective action is needed to keep the new resistance from further developing and spreading.

High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli , Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from fish samples in India

“…There is published report that had stated moderate ceftazidime resistance (24%-29%) from aquaculture farm (Resende et al, 2017) which is comparatively similar to E. coli resistance (30.9%) in our study. The percentage of chloramphenicol (21% to 53%) in our study seems too high when compared (4%) with the other previous reported studies of Korea and Malaysia (Kathleen et al, 2016;Yoo, Huh, Kim, Lee, & Do Jeong, 2003). The percentage of chloramphenicol (21% to 53%) in our study seems too high when compared (4%) with the other previous reported studies of Korea and Malaysia (Kathleen et al, 2016;Yoo, Huh, Kim, Lee, & Do Jeong, 2003).…”

“…Along with this, others have reported approximately 10%-29% of resistance against amikacin in aquaculture environment (Resende et al, 2017). For streptomycin, similar high results were also reported by the study (85%) published in Malaysia (Kathleen et al, 2016).…”

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Marine Microalgae Dunaliella salina on Fish Pathogenic Bacteria Edwardsiella tarda

“…Antibiotics commonly used as treatment to control E. tarda infection (Kholil et al, 2015). However, the use of antibiotics can cause bacteria to be resistant to some antibiotics that has been used (Kadlec et al, 2011;Kathleen et al, 2016;Qiao et al, 2018). Several studies have been conducted to determine the resistance of E. tarda due to the use of antibiotics.…”

One-Step Procedure for Direct Purification of Pediocin-Like Bacteriocins and Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides from Complex Culture Medium on an Analytical, Semipreparative, and Preparative Scale. A New Type of Liquid Chromatography—Colloidal High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (CHPLC)

“…The same phenomenon of spreading unknown new diseases in the regions to the native population occurred after 1492 in the Americas [1] [16] and in Europe [17]. The use of antibiotics in poultry [18], fish farming [19], and animal farming [20] contributed to and continues to contribute to antibiotic resistance and multiple antibiotic resistances, especially the spreading of MRSA. Bacteriocins and other cationic peptides/small proteins (such as lysozyme) became an antibiotic group for use for topical application and for use in the food industry [21].…”