Antibiotic resistance in bacteria - an emerging public health problem

Komolafe, OO

doi:10.4314/mmj.v15i2.10780

Cited by 64 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The subsequent introduction of sulphonamides, penicillin and streptomycin, broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics, bactericidal antibiotics, synthetic chemicals and highly specific narrow spectrum antibiotics to clinical medicine transformed the treatment of bacterial diseases (Baldry, 1976). However, due to the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics there has been a gradual emergence of populations of antibiotic -resistant bacteria, which pose a global public health problem (Komolafe, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, multidrug resistant Salmonella typhi was first reported in 1987 and has now been isolated throughout the Indian sub-continent, south-east Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. (Mirza et al, 1996) Komolafe et al (2003) demonstrated a general broad-spectrum resistance to panels of antibiotics in 20% of the bacterial isolates of burns patients. Multi -drug resistant tuberculosis poses the greatest threat to public health in the new millennium (Kraig, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic Resistance: An Emerging Global Headache

Ahmed¹

2012

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria - A Continuous Challenge in the New Millennium

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance: An Emerging Global Headache

Ahmed¹

2012

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria - A Continuous Challenge in the New Millennium

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“…Over the years, antibiotics have been used to control infections resulting from both community and hospital environments. [1][2][3] Current advances in the field of nanobiotechnology, particularly the ability to prepare metal oxide nanomaterials of specific size and shape, are likely to lead to the development of new antibacterial agents. The functional activities of nanoparticles are influenced largely by the particle size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of metal oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: a comparative study

Azam¹,

Ahmed²,

Oves³

et al. 2012

IJN

1,166

564

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Background: Nanomaterials have unique properties compared to their bulk counterparts. For this reason, nanotechnology has attracted a great deal of attention from the scientific community. Metal oxide nanomaterials like ZnO and CuO have been used industrially for several purposes, including cosmetics, paints, plastics, and textiles. A common feature that these nanoparticles exhibit is their antimicrobial behavior against pathogenic bacteria. In this report, we demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of ZnO, CuO, and Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Methods and results: Nanosized particles of three metal oxides (ZnO, CuO, and Fe 2 O 3 ) were synthesized by a sol-gel combustion route and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the single-phase formation of all three nanomaterials. The particle sizes were observed to be 18, 22, and 28 nm for ZnO, CuO, and Fe 2 O 3 , respectively. We used these nanomaterials to evaluate their antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. Conclusion: Among the three metal oxide nanomaterials, ZnO showed greatest antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria used in this study. It was observed that ZnO nanoparticles have excellent bactericidal potential, while Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles exhibited the least bactericidal activity. The order of antibacterial activity was demonstrated to be the following: ZnO . CuO . Fe 2 O 3 .

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“…99,100 Furthermore, many livestock owners engage unskilled people to treat animals, resulting in sub-optimal dosing, incorrect administration, arbitrary drug combinations and non-observance of withdrawal periods. [101][102][103][104] Novel stewardship interventions began in the 1990s, with experiments in community-based animal health workers encouraging local control of drug use. However, these efforts were often undermined by inadequate supporting legislation and poorly paid veterinary officers supplementing salaries with drug sales.…”

Section: Case Study 2: Antibiotic Prescription In China: Systemic Andmentioning

confidence: 99%