Antibiotic Resistance and Capacity for Biofilm Formation of Different Bacteria Isolated from Endodontic Infections Associated with Root-filled Teeth

Al‐Ahmad, Ali; Ameen, Hawnaz; Pelz, Klaus; Karygianni, Lamprini; Wittmer, Annette; Anderson, Anne B. M.; Spitzmüller, Bettina; Hellwig, Elmar

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2013.07.023

Cited by 107 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Clinical strategies currently advocated to achieve bacteria/biofilm elimination of the root canal make use of potent chemical substances (eg, TAP), which can be considered extremely toxic to stem cells (4). During the past few years, TAP has been one of the most studied intracanal medicaments as a disinfection step within the regenerative approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several microbial species have been identified inside root canals, including but not limited to Actinomyces naeslundii . A gram-positive filamentous, rod-shaped facultative anaerobe commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract (3), A. naeslundii has been increasingly correlated to the ability of biofilm formation and to failed endodontic therapy (4–6). Recently, A. naeslundii was detected in initial samples recovered from 10 of 15 traumatized permanent immature teeth diagnosed with necrotic pulps (7), suggesting the species may be relevant to regenerative endodontics.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Effects of Novel Triple Antibiotic Paste–Mimic Scaffolds on Actinomyces naeslundii Biofilm

Albuquerque

Ryan

Münchow

et al. 2015

Journal of Endodontics

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Introduction Actinomyces naeslundii has been recovered from traumatized permanent teeth diagnosed with necrotic pulps. In this work, a triple antibiotic paste (TAP)–mimic scaffold is proposed as a drug-delivery strategy to eliminate A. naeslundii dentin biofilm. Methods Metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline were added to a polydioxanone (PDS) polymer solution and spun into fibrous scaffolds. Fiber morphology, mechanical properties, and drug release were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, microtensile testing, and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Human dentin specimens (4 × 4 × 1 mm3, n = 4/group) were inoculated with A. naeslundii (ATCC 43146) for 7 days for biofilm formation. The infected dentin specimens were exposed to TAP-mimic scaffolds, TAP solution (positive control), and pure PDS (drug-free scaffold). Dentin infected (7-day biofilm) specimens were used for comparison (negative control). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was done to determine bacterial viability. Results Scaffolds displayed a submicron mean fiber diameter (PDS = 689 ± 312 nm and TAP-mimic = 718 ± 125 nm). Overall, TAP-mimic scaffolds showed significantly (P ≤ .040) lower mechanical properties than PDS. Within the first 24 hours, a burst release for all drugs was seen. A sustained maintenance of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin was observed over 4 weeks, but not for minocycline. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated complete elimination of all viable bacteria exposed to the TAP solution. Meanwhile, TAP-mimic scaffolds led to a significant (P < .05) reduction in the percentage of viable bacteria compared with the negative control and PDS. Conclusions Our findings suggest that TAP-mimic scaffolds hold significant potential in the eradication/elimination of bacterial biofilm, a critical step in regenerative endodontics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effects of Novel Triple Antibiotic Paste–Mimic Scaffolds on Actinomyces naeslundii Biofilm

Albuquerque

Ryan

Münchow

et al. 2015

Journal of Endodontics

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“…The presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) underlines the limits of antibiotics in facing this primary health hazard with regard to the oral cavity [20]. Furthermore, an endocarditis-associated Enterococcus faecalis virulence gene named efaA has been recovered from therapy-resistant strains in root canals [21]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Level Antimicrobial Efficacy of Representative Mediterranean Natural Plant Extracts against Oral Microorganisms

Karygianni

Cecere

Skaltsounis

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Nature is an unexplored reservoir of novel phytopharmaceuticals. Since biofilm-related oral diseases often correlate with antibiotic resistance, plant-derived antimicrobial agents could enhance existing treatment options. Therefore, the rationale of the present report was to examine the antimicrobial impact of Mediterranean natural extracts on oral microorganisms. Five different extracts from Olea europaea, mastic gum, and Inula viscosa were tested against ten bacteria and one Candida albicans strain. The extraction protocols were conducted according to established experimental procedures. Two antimicrobial assays—the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay—were applied. The screened extracts were found to be active against each of the tested microorganisms. O. europaea presented MIC and MBC ranges of 0.07–10.00 mg mL−1 and 0.60–10.00 mg mL−1, respectively. The mean MBC values for mastic gum and I. viscosa were 0.07–10.00 mg mL−1 and 0.15–10.00 mg mL−1, respectively. Extracts were less effective against C. albicans and exerted bactericidal effects at a concentration range of 0.07–5.00 mg mL−1 on strict anaerobic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Parvimonas micra). Ethyl acetate I. viscosa extract and total mastic extract showed considerable antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms and could therefore be considered as alternative natural anti-infectious agents.

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“…De acordo com os resultados obtidos, levando-se em consideração os valores de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) determinados pela NCCLS, todas as cepas de E. faecalis, E. faecium, A. viscosus e S. aureus mostraram-se 100% suscetíveis a Benzilpenicilina (PG), Amoxicilina (AC), Amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (XL), Vancomicina (VA) e Moxifloxacina (MX), corroborando com os achados de outros estudos 9,17,19,25 . Este resultado confirma a utilização da penicilina e seus derivados como antibióticos de primeira escolha no tratamento de infecções de origem endodôntica, e a utilização na terapêutica profilática contra a endocardite bacteriana 16,24 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…tem adquirido determinantes genéticos que conferem resistência a várias classes de antibióticos, incluindo Eritromicina, Tetraciclina, Cloranfenicol e, mais recentemente, Vancomicina 13,14,17,18 . Embora a incidência de cepas resistentes seja mais pronunciada em infecções hospitalares ou sistêmicas 15 , estudos através de isolados bacterianos de infecções endodônticas têm demonstrado o surgimento de resistência bacteriana, principalmente ao regime terapêutico convencional utilizado em procedimentos odontológicos 16,19 . Embora antibióticos de uso sistêmico não sejam normalmente utilizados no tratamento de infecções intrarradiculares associadas a lesões periapicais crônicas, em pacientes com risco de desenvolvimento de endocardite bacteriana, estes se tornam um importante complemento à terapêutica endodôntica, sendo utilizados em regimes profiláticos 20 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação da suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias anaeróbias facultativas isoladas de canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico frente aos antibióticos de uso sistêmico

Santi

Barbosa-Ribeiro

Endo

et al. 2015

Rev. odontol. UNESP

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ResumoIntrodução: Bactérias associadas ao insucesso do tratamento endodôntico são capazes de adquirir e expressar resistência aos agentes antimicrobianos comumente empregados para tratar infecções, o que torna necessário, em determinadas situações, a realização de testes laboratoriais para detectar a resistência ou a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana desses micro-organismos. Objetivo: avaliar a suscetibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Actinomyces viscosus e Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico. Material e método: Cepas clínicas de Enterococcus faecalis (n=3), Enterococcus faecium (n=3), Actinomyces viscosus (n=3) e Staphylococcus aureus (n=3), coletadas in vivo de canais radiculares com insucesso endodôntico, foram testadas quanto à suscetibilidade antimicrobiana por meio do método E-test em duplicata, utilizando os antibióticos: Amoxicilina (AC), Rifampicina (RI), Moxifloxacina (MX), Vancomicina (VA), Tetraciclina (TC), Ciprofloxacina (CI), Cloranfenicol (CL), Benzilpenicilina (PG), Amoxicilina + ácido clavulânico (XL), Doxiciclina (DC), Eritromicina (EM) e Azitromicina (AZ). Resultado: Todas as cepas clínicas testadas foram suscetíveis aos antibióticos AC, XL, PG, DC, MX, TC e VA. Todos os isolados das espécies de S. aureus foram suscetíveis aos 12 antibióticos testados. As cepas de E. faecalis, E. faecium e A. viscosus mostraram padrão de suscetibilidade intermediário contra EM. Algumas cepas de E. faecalis e E. faecium foram resistentes a AZ e RI. Conclusão: As cepas clínicas isoladas dos canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico mostraram perfis diferentes de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e nenhum isolado de E. faecalis e E. faecium apresentou-se suscetível a AZ e EM.Descritores: Endodontia; bactéria; antibióticos. AbstractIntroduction: Bacteria associated with failure endodontic treatment are capable of acquiring and expressing resistance against antimicrobial agents usually used to treat infections, which makes necessary, in some cases, laboratory tests in order to detect the resistance or antimicrobial susceptibility of these microorganisms. Objective: to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Actinomyces viscosus and Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from root canals of teeth with failure endodontic treatment. Material and method: Enterococcus faecalis (n=3), Enterococcus faecium (n=3), Actinomyces viscosus (n=3) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=3) clinical strains collected in vivo from root-filled canals with failure endodontic treatment thad been their antimicrobial susceptibility tested by the E-test method in duplicate using the antibiotics: Amoxicillin (AC), Rifampicin (RI), Moxifloxacin (MX), Vancomycin (VA), Tetracycline (TC), Ciprofloxacin (CI), Chloranphenicol (CL), Benzilpenicillin (PG), Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (XL), Doxycycline (DC), Erythromycin (EM) e Azithromycin (AZ). Result: all the clinical strains tested were susceptib...

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Antibiotic Resistance and Capacity for Biofilm Formation of Different Bacteria Isolated from Endodontic Infections Associated with Root-filled Teeth

Cited by 107 publications

References 45 publications

Antimicrobial Effects of Novel Triple Antibiotic Paste–Mimic Scaffolds on Actinomyces naeslundii Biofilm

Antimicrobial Effects of Novel Triple Antibiotic Paste–Mimic Scaffolds on Actinomyces naeslundii Biofilm

High-Level Antimicrobial Efficacy of Representative Mediterranean Natural Plant Extracts against Oral Microorganisms

Avaliação da suscetibilidade antimicrobiana de bactérias anaeróbias facultativas isoladas de canais radiculares de dentes com insucesso endodôntico frente aos antibióticos de uso sistêmico

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