Antibiotic Efficacy againstStaphylococcus epidermidisAdherent to Vascular Grafts

Bergamini, Thomas M.; McCurry, Terry; Bernard, J; Hoeg, Karen L.; Corpus, Roberto A.; Peyton, James C.; Brittian, Kenneth R.; Cheadle, William G.

doi:10.1006/jsre.1996.0002

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In agreement with these findings, cefuroxime has been demonstrated to be efficient against 2-h biofilms [21] and, as a family, cephalosporins have proved their efficiency for biofilms of up to 4 days of age [35]. Although efficient antibiotics against biofilm bacteria significantly decrease the number of bacteria within biofilms, they may not be able to completely eradicate all the live cells within the biofilm [36], a finding in concordance with the results obtained in this work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of a Rat Osteomyelitis Model to Comparein Vivoandin Vitrothe Antibiotic Efficacy against Bacteria with High Capacity to Form Biofilms

Gracia

Laclériga

Monzón

et al. 1998

Journal of Surgical Research

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Application of a Rat Osteomyelitis Model to Comparein Vivoandin Vitrothe Antibiotic Efficacy against Bacteria with High Capacity to Form Biofilms

Gracia

Laclériga

Monzón

et al. 1998

Journal of Surgical Research

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“…Vascular grafts are usually made of PTFE, one of the most commonly used biomaterials and are known to be affected by biofilm causing bacteria (24,27) and any morphologic changes on the prosthetic device are detectable Control (n ‫ס‬ 6) 6/6 6/6 IM (n ‫ס‬ 6) 4/6 a 4/6 a Implant (n ‫ס‬ 6) 0/6 b 1/6 b a 2 analysis showed that the number of rats with purulent discharge and discolored prosthetic device was not significantly different between the control group and IM group. b The number of rats with purulent discharge and discolored prosthetic device was significantly different between the control group and the implant group (p < 0.005) and between the implant group and IM group (p < 0.05) by marked discoloration and capsule formation (27). By inoculating the vicinity of the implanted prosthetic device with 1.5 × 10 8 cfu/ml of Staphylococcus epidermidis in log phase, a clinical infective episode was simulated, as it is known that a majority of the surgical wound infections are caused at the time when the first surgical incision is made (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Delivery of Vancomycin for the Prophylaxis of Prosthetic Device-Related Infections

Chilukuri

Shah

2005

Pharm Res

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“…Different antimicrobial agents have been used (3,5), as well as different ways to bind those drugs onto the surface of a PTFE prosthesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

New Anti-Infective Coatings of Medical Implants

Matl

Obermeier

Repmann³

et al. 2008

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Implantable devices are highly susceptible to infection and are therefore a major risk in surgery. The present work presents a novel strategy to prevent the formation of a biofilm on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. PTFE grafts were coated with gentamicin and teicoplanin incorporated into different lipid-like carriers under aseptic conditions in a dipping process. Poly-D,L-lactic acid, tocopherol acetate, the diglyceride Softisan 649, and the triglyceride Dynasan 118 were used as drug carriers. The drug release kinetics, anti-infective characteristics, biocompatibility, and hemocompatibility of the coatings developed were studied. All coatings showed an initial drug burst, followed by a low continuous drug release over 96 h. The dimension of release kinetics depended on the carrier used. All coated prostheses reduced bacterial growth drastically over 24 h, even below pathologically relevant concentrations. Different cytotoxic levels could be observed, revealing tocopherol acetate as the most promising biocompatible carrier. A possible reason for the highly cytotoxic effect of Softisan 649 could be assessed by demonstrating incorporated lipids in the cell soma with Oil Red O staining. Tromboelastography studies, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and an amidolytic substrate assay could confirm the hemocompatibility of individual coatings. The development of the biodegradable drug delivery systems described here and in vitro studies of those systems highlight the most important requirements for effective as well as compatible anti-infective coatings of PTFE grafts. Through continuous local release, high drug levels can be produced at only the targeted area and physiological bacterial proliferation can be completely inhibited, while biocompatibility as well as hemocompatibility can be ensured.A major risk associated with surgical placement of medical implants such as endoprostheses or vascular prostheses is their high infection rate (4,8). This is not only of prime importance for the patient but also imposes a high financial cost on the economy (21). Synthetic vascular grafts such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prostheses are easily accessible to pathogens, mostly Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. These pathogens colonize the implant by adhering to the patient's own proteins located on the surface of the graft and form a biofilm (1,14,16,23,34). The formation of biofilms on biomaterials presents challenging complications in the field of medical implants (2,12,24,28,30). In a biofilm, bacteria are well protected from the host immune defense. An increase in antibiotic resistance is the consequence (6,8,35); even high local concentrations of antibiotics do not completely eradicate bacteria in biofilms (8, 10). It is therefore of great importance to prevent bacterial adhesion on vascular grafts (7). This can be achieved by antibiotic surface coatings.There have been several approaches to equipping vascular grafts with anti-infective agents to prevent bacterial colonization. Different antim...

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Antibiotic Efficacy againstStaphylococcus epidermidisAdherent to Vascular Grafts

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

Application of a Rat Osteomyelitis Model to Comparein Vivoandin Vitrothe Antibiotic Efficacy against Bacteria with High Capacity to Form Biofilms

Application of a Rat Osteomyelitis Model to Comparein Vivoandin Vitrothe Antibiotic Efficacy against Bacteria with High Capacity to Form Biofilms

Local Delivery of Vancomycin for the Prophylaxis of Prosthetic Device-Related Infections

New Anti-Infective Coatings of Medical Implants

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