“…Several investigators have reported a variety of effects of macrolide antibiotics on immunocompetent cells, inflammatory cells, and airway epithelial cells. It has been shown in in vitro studies that these drugs modulate the proliferation, differentiation, cytokine production, and phagocytosis of monocytes/macrophages, 11,22‐26 improves the ciliary movement of airway epithelium, 27 inhibits ion and mucus secretion from epithelial cells, 28,29 and inhibits bacterial adherence to nasal epithelial cells 30 . Furthermore, macrolide administration suppresses neutrophil exudation to inflammatory sites in patients with chronic upper and lower respiratory diseases 5,7‐9,13,17 …”