Antibacterial screening, synergy studies and phenolic content of seven South African medicinal plants against drug-sensitive and -resistant microbial strains

Vambe, McMaster; Aremu, Adeyemi O.; Chukwujekwu, J.C.; Finnie, J.F.; Staden, J. Van

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2017.11.011

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Plant samples were collected, prepared and preserved as previously described [ 57 ]. The plant was positively identified by the Curator of the Bews Herbarium [University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Pietermaritzburg, South Africa] and the voucher specimen (NU0048533) deposited in the UKZN Bews Herbarium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species

Vambe

Aremu

Chukwujekwu

et al. 2020

Plants

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Protea caffra is used as a diarrhoeal remedy in South African herbal medicine, however, its pharmacological properties remain largely unknown. In the present study, extracts from different Protea caffra organs were screened against drug-sensitive and -resistant diarrhoeagenic pathogens using the microdilution assay (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC). Twig extracts (70% methanol, MeOH) of the plant were purified and the resultant fractions screened for antibacterial properties (MIC). The chemical profiles of the fractions were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was used to quantify the phenolic acids in the plant. The mutagenic properties of bioactive extracts were assessed using the Ames test. The extracts demonstrated weak-moderate antibacterial properties (MIC: 0.3–0.6 mg/mL). A cold ethyl acetate fraction of MeOH twig extract exhibited significant antibacterial properties (MIC = 0.078 mg/mL) against Enterococcus faecalis. The presence of antibacterial compounds (1-adamantane carboxylic acid, heptacosanol, levoglucosan, nonadecanol) in the plant was putatively confirmed based on GC-MS analysis. Furthermore, UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed varying concentrations of phenolic acids (0.08–374.55 µg/g DW). Based on the Ames test, the extracts were non-mutagenic thereby suggesting their safety. To a certain degree, the current study supports the traditional use of Protea caffra to manage diarrhoea among local communities in South Africa.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species

Vambe

Aremu

Chukwujekwu

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…The inability of hexane extracts to inhibit fungal growth suggests that the fungal strains were less sensitive to non-polar compounds. It has been proven that hexane extracts cannot diffuse readily on agarose gel [61]. In this study, it is speculated that non-polar compounds volatize easily in a microdilution assay than on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Assays Antifungal Activity Using Hole Agar Plamentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial activity of selected plants against fungal species isolated from South African AIDS patients and their antigonococcal activity

Maema

Potgieter

Masevhe

et al. 2020

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine

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BackgroundSexually transmitted infections continue to be a major health concern in sub-Saharan Africa where antimicrobial drugs are becoming ineffective due to increasing resistance. Many healthcare seekers in lower socio-economic settings depend on invasive alien plants administered by traditional health practitioners to treat sexually transmitted infections.MethodsRoots of selected plants were analysed for phytoconstituents using standard methods. Both the disc diffusion model and microdilution technique were used to determine the inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of plant extracts against six clinical fungal strains and standard strain of Neisseria gonorrhoea. One-way ANOVA was used to find significant differences.ResultsDifferent phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenes, flavonoids, tannins and saponins were qualitatively detected, depending on plant species. Acetone extracted the highest number of phytoconstituents in Senna didymobotrya, while methanol revealed most from Ricinus communis. Senna didymobotrya showed significant inhibition against Candida glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Dichloromethane extract of Catharanthus roseus and methanol extract of S. didymobotrya demonstrated excellent MIC values of 0.03 and 0.08 mg/mL, respectively, against C. glabrata. Catharanthus roseus, Opuntia ficus-indica and Ricinus communis demonstrated moderate to good antigonococcal activity, with all exhibiting more than 63% inhibition. Catharanthus roseus had the best antigonococcal activity with a moderate MIC value of 0.63 mg/mL.ConclusionSome of the plant extracts demonstrated potency towards clinically isolated fungal strains and against N. gonorrhoea, which validate the notion that some of the species need further pharmacological studies for isolation and characterisation of active compounds.

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“…Some of the pharmacological activities of E. capensis listed in literature include acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory [57], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [26,69,70], anthelmintic [55,71], antibacterial [25,51,56,72,73], antigonococcal [25,67], antimycobacterial 74], antimycoplasmal [47], antifungal [25,56,72,73], antihypertensive [19,75], antioxidant [27,57,68,76], antimalarial and antiplasmodial [33,34,58,59,[77][78][79], antischistosomal [80], antitrypanosomal [81], and antiviral [25,60] and cytotoxicity [26,34,59,60,76,[82][83][84] activities. These pharmacological activities of various parts of the species are summarized below.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activities Of E Capensismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…E. capensis showed moderate to high activity with dichloromethane, ethanol, and petroleum ether extracts with percentage inhibition ranging from 45.0% to 96.0% [25]. Similarly, Vambe et al [67] evaluated the antigonococcal activities of dichloromethane, methanol, and petroleum ether and waterleaf extracts of E. capensis against N. gonorrhoeae using microdilution and agar disk diffusion techniques with ciprofloxacin as the positive control. All extracts exhibited activities with MIC value of >2.5 mg/ml.…”

Section: Antigonococcalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Ekebergia Capensis Sparrm

Maroyi

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Ekebergia capensis is an integral part of indigenous pharmacopeia in tropical Africa. The present study critically reviewed the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of E. capensis. The keywords including E. capensis, its synonyms, English common names, ethnomedicinal uses, and phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the species were searched using electronic databases such as ISI web of knowledge, ProQuest, science direct, OATD, Scopus, Open-thesis, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Pre-electronic literature of conference papers, scientific articles, books, book chapters, dissertations, and theses was carried out at the University Library. Literature studies revealed that E. capensis is mainly used as herbal medicine against fever and malaria, gastrointestinal problems, pain, parasitic worms, reproductive problems in women, respiratory problems, and skin diseases. Phytochemical compounds identified from the species include alkaloids, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavonoids, glycoflavonoids, glycosides, iridoids, limonoids, polyphenols, phytosteroids, pregnane, saponins, tannins, and withanolides. Pharmacological studies revealed that E. capensis extracts and compounds have acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antigonococcal, antimycobacterial, antimycoplasmal, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimalarial and antiplasmodial, antischistosomal, antitrypanosomal, and antiviral and cytotoxicity activities. Although pharmacological evaluations carried out so far have confirmed the potency of E. capensis crude extracts and compounds, detailed studies are required aimed at establishing the efficacy, clinical relevance, safety, and mechanisms of action of the plant extracts and compounds.

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Antibacterial screening, synergy studies and phenolic content of seven South African medicinal plants against drug-sensitive and -resistant microbial strains

Cited by 42 publications

References 51 publications

Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species

Antibacterial, Mutagenic Properties and Chemical Characterisation of Sugar Bush (Protea caffra Meisn.): A South African Native Shrub Species

Antimicrobial activity of selected plants against fungal species isolated from South African AIDS patients and their antigonococcal activity

A Review of the Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Ekebergia Capensis Sparrm

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