Antibacterial mechanism of Tetrapleura tetraptera extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and its application in pork

Abstract

The antibacterial activity and the mechanism of Tetrapleura tetraptera root extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. The mechanism of action of T. tetraptera on tested bacterial species was predominantly characterized by the study of transmission electron microscopy, which revealed severe damage on the primary target which affected the cell integrity and cell membrane permeability. The loss of soluble proteins studied by bacterial protein sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis and the decreased adenosine triphosphate and DNA contents confirmed the leakage of cell wall. In addition, the studies revealed that the root extract of T. tetraptera could also disrupt the respiratory metabolism by inhibiting the bacteria through the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas and the hexose monophosphate pathways. T. tetraptera extract possessed a high level of antimicrobial activity in pork, which significantly reduced total viable bacterial population. This study clearly indicates that the T. tetraptera could be a potential source of new antimicrobial agent which has proven effective activity against antibiotic‐resistant strains of pathogens. Practical Applications Tetrapleura tetraptera is a flowering plant native to Africa with a wide range of applicability in local cuisines and traditional medicine. The T. tetraptera root extract possesses high antimicrobial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria. This study could contribute to the better understanding of antibacterial mechanism of T. tetraptera. As a natural food preservative, it has broad prospect to be utilized in the meat industry.

The antibacterial mechanism of perilla rosmarinic acid

“…Food‐borne pathogens are major contributors to cause food‐borne diseases. Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella , and so on are all food‐borne pathogens 8 . Infection with E. coli can cause diarrhea, and even may cause symptoms such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and acute renal failure 9 .…”

“…Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and so on are all food-borne pathogens. 8 Infection with E. coli can cause diarrhea, and even may cause symptoms such as hemolytic uremic syndrome and acute renal failure. 9 S. aureus can grow in different conditions and it can cause food poisoning when we are infected.…”

Chemical composition, antibacterial efficacy, and antioxidant capacity of essential oil and oleoresin from Monodora myristica and Tetrapleura tetraptera in Southeast Nigeria

“…Probably, the presence of linalool might account for the plant’s peppery nature, whereas both γ-terpinene and α-thujene might account for the flavor/fragrance. Elsewhere, the root and stem ethanol extract of T. tetraptera spice respectively obtained 70.14% 25 and 32.01% 10 . Polyphenols like eugenol, quercetin, rutin, and tyrosol, according to Moukette et al .…”

Antibacterial Properties of Tetrapleura tetraptera pod against some pathogens

“…Acetone Ethanol E.coli 8.00 ± 1.00a 9.33 ± 0.58a 13.00 ± 1.00a Pseudomonas species 8.00 ± 1.00a 9.00 ± 1.00a 11.33 ± 0.58a Staphylococcus aureus 8.67 ± 1.53a 11.67 ± 1.53a 13.33 ± 0.58a Proteus species 9.00 ± 1.00a 10.00 ± 1.00a 12.00 ± 1.73a and absence of tannins and saponin in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera. Also, Lin, et al [29] studied the mechanism of Tetrapleura tetraptera root extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and reported that plant can disrupt the respiratory metabolism by inhibiting the organism through the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and the hexose monophosphate pathways. The authors concluded that plant is effective against antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens.…”