Antibacterial Efficacy of Some Medicinal Plants on Multidrug Resistance Bacteria and Their Toxicity on Eukaryotic Cells

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of medicinal Methanolic plant extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria to determine the cytotoxicity of these extracts on eukaryotic cells, and to confirm their efficacy against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in experimental animals. The effects of the methanol extract of sixty folk plants were investigated on; MRSA, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase E. coli and MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disc diffusion and MIC assay. Cytotoxicity was determined using MTT and hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Three plant extracts with the highest antimicrobial activities were tested using a challenge experiment on mice. Systemic infection was performed by intraperitoneal inoculation of (5 × 106 CFU/mL) of MRSA isolate. Then mice received 300 mg/kg body weight of the plant extracts daily for seven days. The efficacy of plant extracts was evaluated by general health, mortality rate, gross lesion, and histopathology study of inoculated mice. Only ten plants showed activities against different MDR bacteria with inhibitory zones ranging from (8 to 22 mm) in diameter. Of the ten medicinal plant extracts, and Aloysia citrodora showed the highest activities against MRSA and Camellia sinensis MSSA isolates, with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/mL, followed by Hibiscus sabdariffa, Thymus vulgaris, and Glycyrrhiza glabra. Furthermore, the extract of the effective plants showed low toxicity against Vero and fibroblasts cell lines, along with inhibitory activities to erythrocytes membrane disruption. The in vivo study demonstrated that Camellia sinensis showed significant activity against MRSA infections in mice. The results validate that these plants are effective and safe antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistance bacteria, and have the potential to be utilized as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections.

Pleiotropic effects of Mentha longifolia L. extract on the regulation of genes involved in inflammation and apoptosis induced by Clostridioides difficile ribotype 001

“…Currently, new or alternative therapeutic approaches have been introduced for the treatment or prevention of antibiotic-resistant strains, including antibody therapy, phage therapy, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) ( Azimirad et al, 2020b ; Raeisi et al, 2022 , 2023a ). Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy of various plant extracts has been reported against antibiotic-resistant strains ( Rath and Padhy, 2015 ; Bataineh et al, 2021 ; Mohanasundari et al, 2023 ). Several studies have been also conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of M. longifolia extracts on different bacteria ( Manandhar et al, 2019 ; Elansary et al, 2020 ).…”

In vitro Antibacterial and in silico Evaluation of Ficus benghalensis Methanolic Bark Extract, as Potential Anti-MRSA Agent

“…So, there is an emergence for finding and promoting new natural therapeutic drug compounds. 1 Herbal medicines have gained global attention because they exhibit potent anti-virulence properties that can combat MDR bacterium. 20 F. bengalensis, known as the banyan tree possess high medicinal properties and is used to treat vaginal complaints, skin allergies, inflammations, fever, and gonorrhea, and also serves as antidiarrheal, anti-dysenteric, hemostatic, and anti-hemorrhoidal agent.…”

“…The most known groups that have developed resistance are; Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus, Extended spectrum beta lactamase Escherichia coli (ESBLEC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 1 Among them MRSA is a highly life-threatening nosocomial pathogen. The spread of Staphylococcus aureus infection, is in rise due to its ability of excessive adhesion towards host and its evading mechanism from host immune system.…”

Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Cyclospermum leptophyllum and Its Application as Antibacterial Activity against Some Food Spoilage Bacteria

“…In comparison with the control groups, antibacterial activities of different concentrations of CSEO solution against some bacterial strains were determined based on their relative zone of inhibition diameter percentage (% RZID) calculation as given in (Eq. ( 1)) [44,45] and presented in Table 3.…”